不同混合精料对骑乘用滇马运动性能的影响

Effects of different mixtures of refined materials on the exercise performance of Yunnan horses for riding

[目的]分析不同混合精料对提高骑乘用滇马运动性能的作用,筛选出相对较好的精料配方。[方法]选取18匹健康、调教程度相近的骑乘用滇马(试验马均为母马,体质量130~180kg、年龄6~9岁、体高100~120cm的马各6匹),采用随机化区组设计方法分为6组,每组3匹进行饲养试验。在饲喂相同粗饲料的情况下,分别给马饲喂能量水平13.79、13.38、12.96、12.54、12.69、12.12 MJ/kg,蛋白水平为17.51%、16.01%、14.51%、13.01%、12.32%、11.50%的6种混合精料,在试验的第一阶段(第1~7天)、第二阶段(第8~14天)和第三阶段(第15~21天)分别测量其运动5 km后即刻、10 min和20 min后的呼吸频率、心率和直肠温度。[结果]马运动后即刻的第一阶段中,Ⅱ组马的呼吸频率最低;第二阶段的中,Ⅱ组马的直肠温度最低,分别比Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组和Ⅵ组马的直肠温度低0.37、0.27、0.33、0.55、0.60℃;运动后10 min时的第一阶段中,I组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组和Ⅵ组马的心率极显著高于Ⅱ组;第二阶段中,Ⅱ组马呼吸频率分别比Ⅰ组、Ⅴ组和Ⅵ组低0.66、5.00、7.33次/min;运动后20min时的第三阶段中,Ⅱ组马的呼吸频率比Ⅰ组低0.33次/min。[结论]能量水平为13.38 MJ/kg、蛋白水平为16.01%的Ⅱ组混合精料对提高骑乘用滇马的运动性能具有积极作用。

[Objectives]The effects of different mixtures of refined materials on improving the exercise performance of Yunnan horses for riding were analyzed to screen out a relatively better formula of refined materials.[Methods]18 healthy and similarly trained Yunnan horses for riding(horses tested were all mares with a body weight of 130-180 kg,age of 6-9 years,and height of 100-120 cm)were divided into 6 groups with randomized block design method,with 3 horses in each group for feeding experiments.Under feeding the same roughage,horses were fed with six mixtures of refined materials with energy level of 13.79,13.38,12.96,12.54,12.69,12.12 MJ/kg and the content of protein of 17.51%,16.01%,14.51%,13.01%,12.32%,and 11.50%,respectively.The respiratory rate,heart rate,and rectal temperature were measured immediately,10 minutes,and 20 minutes after 5 km of exercise in the first stage(1-7 days),second stage(8-14 days),and third stage(15-21 days)of the experiment,respectively.[Results]In the first stage of immediately after exercise,horses in group Ⅱ had the lowest respiratory rate.In the second stage,the rectal temperature of horses in group Ⅱ was the lowest,0.37,0.27,0.33,0.55,0.60℃ lower than that in group Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ and Ⅵ,respectively.In the first stage of 10 min after exercise,the heart rate of horses in group Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ and Ⅵ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅱ.In the second stage of 10 min after exercise,the respiratory rate of horses in group Ⅱ was 0.66,5.00,7.33 times/min lower than that in group Ⅰ,Ⅴ and Ⅵ,respectively.In the third stage of 20 min after exercise,the respiratory rate of horses in group Ⅱ was 0.33 beats/min lower than that in group Ⅰ.[Conclusions]The mixture of refined materials in group Ⅱ with an energy level of 13.38 MJ/kg and the content of protein of 16.01%had a positive effect on improving the exercise performance of Yunnan horses for riding.