断控缝洞型油藏底水驱剩余油分布规律及挖潜策略

Distribution rules of remaining oil by bottom water flooding and potential exploitation strategy in fault-controlled fractured-vuggy reservoirs

根据断控缝洞型油藏构造成因和地震资料,分析了典型缝洞结构特征,设计并制作了“树状”缝洞结构三维大尺度可视化物理模型,开展了不同生产速度、不同井储配置关系下底水驱和底水驱后多介质协同开采实验,揭示了该类缝洞结构下底水驱剩余油形成机制和分布规律,明确了底水驱后不同开采方式下剩余油动用特征。研究表明,“树状”缝洞结构中,底水驱后剩余油主要包括非井控区断裂带剩余油和井控区断裂带顶部“阁楼型”剩余油;高生产速度下存在明显的底水沿断裂带的水窜现象,采用间歇式排采可以有效削弱断裂带间的干扰效应,起到抑制水窜的效果;与直井开采相比,水平井能够降低断裂带间的导流能力差异,呈现出较好的抗水窜能力;水平井越靠近“树冠”上部,底水驱阶段采收率越高,但综合考虑底水驱及后续注气开发,水平井部署在“树冠”中部且钻穿较多数量的断裂带时总采收率更高;底水驱后顶部注气吞吐优于气驱、大段塞吞吐优于小段塞吞吐,既可以有效动用与油井横向连通的井控区断裂带顶部“阁楼型”剩余油又可以动用非井控区断裂带剩余油,从而大幅度提高采收率。

Based on the tectonic genesis and seismic data of fault-controlled fractured-vuggy reservoirs,the typical fractured-vuggy structure features were analyzed.A 3D large-scale visual physical model of“tree-like”fractured-vuggy structure was designed and made.The experiments of bottom-water flooding and multi-media synergistic oil displacement after bottom-water flooding were conducted with different production rates and different well-reservoir configuration relationships.The formation mechanisms and distribution rules of residual oil during bottom-water flooding under such fractured-vuggy structure were revealed.The producing characteristics of residual oil under different production methods after bottom-water flooding were discovered.The results show that the remaining oil in"tree-like"fractured-vuggy structure after bottom-water flooding mainly include the remaining oil of non-well controlled fault zones and the attic remaining oil at the top of well controlled fault zones.There exists obvious water channeling of bottom-water along the fault at high production rate,but intermittent drainage can effectively weaken the interference effect between fault zones to inhibit water channeling.Compared with the vertical well,horizontal well can reduce the difference in flow conductivity between fault zones and show better resistance to water channeling.The closer the horizontal well locates to the upper part of the“canopy”,the higher the oil recovery is at the bottom-water flooding stage.However,comprehensive consideration of the bottom-water flooding and subsequent gas injection development,the total recovery is higher when the horizontal well locates in the middle part of the“canopy”and drills through a large number of fault zones.After bottom water flooding,the effect of gas huff and puff is better than that of gas flooding,and the effect of gas huff and puff with large slug is better than that of small slug.Because such development method can effectively develop the remaining oil of non-well controlled fault zones and the attic remaining oil at the top of well controlled fault zones transversely connected with oil wells,thus greatly improving the oil recovery.