互联网使用与相对贫困缓解:作用机制与实证检验

Mechanism and Empirical Test of Internet Use on the Relative Poverty

相对贫困的有效治理是实现乡村振兴和共同富裕的关键,互联网使用能够提升农户收入增加的能力和对美好生活向往的能力,缓解物质贫困和精神贫困,是相对贫困治理的重要路径。文章基于青藏高原农牧区1104份微观调查数据,采用A-F双界线法、倾向得分匹配法和中介效应法,研究互联网使用对农户相对贫困的作用机制与影响效应。研究发现:(1)互联网使用能显著缓解西藏农户相对贫困,使用互联网农户比未使用互联网农户的相对贫困程度和相对贫困概率均明显下降,且老一代农户使用互联网的相对贫困程度下降更显著,有信仰、半农半牧区和牧区农户使用互联网的相对贫困概率降低更明显。(2)互联网使用通过促进非农就业减缓物质贫困而间接缓解农户相对贫困。(3)互联网使用通过提升奋斗幸福感减缓精神贫困而间接缓解农户相对贫困。因此,应进一步完善偏远农村地区信息通信设施,提高农户数字素养,缩小数字鸿沟;畅通互联网信息发布与传播,促进就业信息获取和非农转移,缓解物质贫困;积极宣传勤劳致富典型事例,引导农户塑造劳动幸福思想和共建意识,缓解精神贫困;发挥数字经济赋能和减贫作用,缓解农户相对贫困,促进物质富裕和精神富裕,推进乡村全面振兴,实现全体人民共同富裕。

Effective governance of relative poverty is the key to Rural Revitalization and common prosperity.Internet use improved farmers'ability to increase income and aspire to a better life,alleviating material poverty and spiritual poverty,is an important path for relative poverty governance.Based on the survey data of 1104 farmers and herdsmen in Xizang,this paper studies the impact effect and mechanism of Internet use on the relative poverty of farmers in un⁃derdeveloped areas by A-F double boundary method,propensity score matching method and mediation effect method.The results show that:First,farmers have significantly alleviated relative poverty through the use of the Internet,and the relative poverty degree and the relative poverty probability of Internet users are significantly lower than those of Non Internet users.And there is apparent heterogeneity for the impact of Internet use on the relative poverty of farmers.The relative poverty level of the older generation of farmers using the Internet has decreased more significantly,and the rela⁃tive poverty probability of farmers using the Internet in belief,semi agricultural and semi pastoral areas and pastoral ar⁃eas has decreased more significantly.Second,Internet use can indirectly alleviate the relative poverty of farmers by pro⁃moting non-agricultural employment and reducing material poverty.Third,Internet use also indirectly alleviates the rel⁃ative poverty of farmers by improving their sense of happiness and relieving spiritual poverty.Therefore,we should im⁃prove the Internet facilities in remote rural areas,improve farmers'digital literacy,narrow the digital divide;smooth In⁃ternet information dissemination channels and release of migrant workers'information,improve access to employment information and non-agricultural transfer for farmers,alleviate material poverty;promote typical examples of hard work and prosperity,guide farmers to shape the concept of labor happiness and cooperate consciousness,relieve spiritual pov⁃erty;empower digital economy and reduce poverty,alleviate farmers'relative poverty,improve material prosperity and spiritual prosperity,promote rural comprehensive revitalization and achieve common prosperity for all people.