1917—1918年乌克兰中央拉达活动评析

Analysis on the Activities of Central Rada of Ukraine from 1917 to 1918

1917年俄国二月革命后,乌克兰中央拉达在基辅成立,成为乌克兰民族运动的领导机构。临时政府执政时期,中央拉达的主要政治诉求是在俄国版图内实现乌克兰民族自治。临时政府统治被推翻后,乌克兰中央拉达与布尔什维克党围绕乌克兰的权力斗争逐渐展开。中央拉达先后颁布第三号和第四号通令,宣告乌克兰人民共和国成立,并逐步抛弃原来在俄国版图内实行自治和联邦制的主张,宣布乌克兰为独立的主权国家。中央拉达派代表参加在布列斯特举行的和平谈判,与德奥同盟国集团签署和约。由于缺乏广大民众支持和与德奥占领军之间的矛盾等原因,中央拉达政权最终垮台。尽管如此,在中央拉达领导下乌克兰民族运动得到复兴,乌克兰在国家政权组织、军队建设、获得国际社会承认和促进民族意识觉醒等方面均取得进展。可以说,在乌克兰民族运动和国家建构历史上,乌克兰中央拉达发挥了重要作用。

After the February Revolution in Russia in 1917,the Central Rada of Ukraine was established in Kiev and became the leading body of the Ukrainian national movement.During the period of the Provisional Government,the main political demand of the Central Rada was to realize Ukrainian national autonomy within the territory of Russia.After the overthrow of the Provisional Government,the power struggle between the Central Rada and the Bolshevik Party gradually increased.The Central Rada successively issued the third and fourth decrees,announcing the establishment of the Ukrainian People's Republic,and gradually abandoned the original proposition of autonomy and federalism within the territory of Russia,declaring Ukraine an independent sovereign state.The Central Rada sent representatives to participate in the peace talks held in Brest-Litovsk and signed a peace treaty with the Austro-German Alliance.Due to the lack of popular support and contradictions with the German and Austrian occupation forces,the Central Rada eventually collapsed.However,under the leadership of the Central Rada,the Ukrainian national movement was revived,and Ukraine also made progress in the building of state power,construction of the army,recognition of the international community,and promotion of national consciousness.In this regard,the Central Rada of Ukraine played an important role in the history of the Ukrainian national movement and state building.