知识产权临时保护措施的制度统一与国际博弈

System Unification and International Negotiation on Temporary Protective Measures for Intellectual Property Rights

知识产权临时保护措施是一种对疑似侵权行为先予制裁的暂时性保护手段,在现行法律制度中主要体现为司法上的诉讼保全、海关的边境行政执法和民间的平台侵权治理。尽管该类措施在我国的实践中发展迅速,但是存在基础理论匮乏、价值取向偏颇之处。知识产权的临时保护措施具有权益保护和权益损害的二元特征,应当将利益平衡奠立为基本观念,而非片面强调其强化保护的作用。基于这一思路,建议统一错误临时保护侵权责任的归责原则,重构临时措施的发动要件,以及调整技术性客体的专门规则。完善本土规则的同时应当充分因应国际规则变迁,在提炼《中美经贸协议》、 RCEP、 CPTPP等核心文本特点的基础上,以弹性和隐性立法的方式,兼顾对接国际新规和保障内外利益平衡。

Temporary protective measures for intellctual property rights are a form of provision-al protection that imposes sanctions in advance against suspected infringements.In the current le-gal system,they are mainly embodied in judicial litigation preservation,customs border adminis-trative enforcement,and private governance of platform in fringement.Although the implementa-tion of such measures in China has developed rapidly,there are still de ficiencies and biases in terms of basic theory and value orientation.The temporary protection of intellectual property rights exhibits a dual characteristic of both protecting and potentially infringing upon rights and interests.Therefore,the fundamental concept should be based on balancing interests,rather than unilaterally emphasizing its role in strengthening protection.Based on this perspective,it is rec-ommended to unify the principles of attribution for liability for infringement in cases of erroneous temporary protection,restructure the triggering requirements for temporary measures,and adjust specialized rules for technical objects.While improving domestic measures,it is also essential to fully adapt to changes in international rules.On the basis of condensing the core characteristics of texts such as the China-US Economic and Trade Agreement,RCEP,and CPTPP,flexible and im-plicit legi slative approaches should be adopted to balance the alignment with international new regulations and sa feguard the balance of interests both domestically and internationally.