民用飞机座舱舒适性影响因素研究综述

A review of factors influencing the comfort of civil aircraft cabins

随着客机技术的发展和生活水平的提升,飞机已逐渐成为主流的交通方式之一,座舱环境舒适性也逐渐受到重视。聚焦于民用飞机舱室舒适性影响因素,采用文献调研的方式对飞机舱室主要环境参数控制要求、飞机运营中的实测座舱环境参数及运营飞机中乘客机组舒适性主观评价进行研究分析。研究发现,针对座舱环境参数的标准之间存在较多不一致性,且现有标准未直接体现出飞机座舱驾乘舒适性;通过分析飞机实测参数与指标要求及主观评价值,发现座舱环境的整体评价为“较为满意”,距离“满意”仍有距离,即座舱环境仍有提升的空间和必要性;对于乘客,不同的问卷调查研究结果略有差异,但均显示噪声是影响乘客整体满意度的最不利因素,风速和光线的影响最小,气压、空气品质、温度仍有一定影响;对于机组,相对湿度是最不利的环境因素,其次为空气品质和噪声,但目前关注机组舒适性问题的研究较少。本文的研究成果能够为飞机舒适性优化及提升技术发展方向提供参考。

With the development of aircraft technology and the improvement of living standards,airplanes have gradually become one of the mainstream modes of transportation,and the comfort of the cabin environment has also been gradually valued.This article mainly focuses on the factors influencing the comfort of civil aircraft cabins.Through literature research,the main environmental parameter requirements of aircraft cabins,measured cabin environmental parameters during aircraft operation,and subjective evaluation of comfort are studied and analyzed.Research has found that there is significant inconsistency between standards for cabin environmental parameters,and existing standards do not directly reflect the aircraft cabin comfort.By analyzing the measured parameters and indicator requirements of the aircraft,as well as subjective evaluation values,it is found that the overall evaluation of the cabin environment is'relatively satisfactory',and there is still a distance from'satisfactory',indicating that there is stll room and necessity for improvement in the cabin environment.For passengers,there are slight differences in the results of different questionnaire surveys,but all show that noise is the most unfavorable factor affecting overall passenger satisfaction,with wind speed and light having the least impact,while air pressure,air quality,and temperature still have some influence.For the crew,relative humidity is the most unfavorable environmental factor,followed by air quality and noise,but there is currently less research on the comfort of the crew.The results of this study can provide reference for the development direction of aircraft comfort optimization and improvement technology.