长青国家级自然保护区中低山小型兽类物种多样性垂直分布格局

Species diversity and distribution pattern of small mammals along an elevation gradient in the middle and low mountains of Changqing National Nature Reserve

海拔梯度下的垂直分布格局是研究物种多样性分布规律的重要关注点之一。为了解长青国家级自然保护区小型兽类的垂直分布格局,本研究于2022年6月至2023年6月,采用夹日法并辅以陷阱法,按照200 m垂直梯度在海拔800~2423 m内连续设置8个海拔带40个样点,累积布夹8858夹次,陷阱240桶次。结果显示:(1)共捕获小型兽类357只,隶属3目7科13属20种,包括啮齿目16种、劳亚食虫目和兔形目各2种,保护区增加5个新纪录物种;(2)Shannon-Wiener和Simpson指数均显示物种多样性在中、低海拔地区最高,小型兽类群落主要由华南针毛鼠(Niviventer huang)、北社鼠(Niviventer confucianus)和中华姬鼠(Apodemus draco)组成;(3)物种相对多度和插值矫正丰富度的回归拟合为显著的一元三次曲线模型(P<0.01),高峰值(5.55%,13)出现在海拔1200 m左右,显示物种多样性在低海拔地区最高。长青保护区中低山小型兽类物种多样性垂直分布格局呈明显的左偏倚中峰模式,提示保护区今后也应重视对低海拔段的保护与管理。

Vertical distribution patterns across altitudinal gradients are one of the key topics in studying the distribution patterns of species diversity.To understand the vertical distribution pattern of mammals in Changqing National Nature Reserve,this study was carried out from June 2022 to June 2023 along an altitude range of 800 m to 2423 m.Using the trap-day method and the trap method,40 sample points were set up in 8 consecutive sites at 200 m intervals from 800 m to 2423 m above sea level,resulting in a cumulative total of 8858 trap days and 240 pitfall traps.A total of 357 smallsized species were captured,belonging to 3 orders,7 families,and 20 species,including 16 species of Rodentia,2 species of Eulipotyphla,and 2 species of Lagomorpha,including 5 new species recorded to the reserve.Both the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indices showed that species diversity was highest in the middle and lower elevations and the small animal community consisted mainly of Niviventer huang,Niviventer confucianus,and Apodemus draco.The regression of relative species multiplicity and interpolated corrected richness was fitted to a significant one-dimensional three-curve model(P<0.01),with peak values(5.55%,13)occurring around 1200 m above sea level,indicating that species diversity was highest at lower elevations.The vertical distribution pattern of small mammal species diversity in the middle and low elevations of Changqing Reserve showed an obvious left-biased center front pattern,suggesting that the reserve should also pay attention to the protection and management of the low-elevation section in the future.