云南药山国家级自然保护区兽类和鸟类多样性红外相机监测初报

Preliminary survey of mammals and birds diversity using camera traps in Yaoshan National Nature Reserve,Yunnan Province

为了系统掌握云南药山国家级自然保护区兽类和鸟类本底资源现状,于2020年7月—2021年10月,在该保护区1 km×1 km网格内按海拔带布设71台红外相机,对兽类和鸟类的物种多样性开展调查。调查期间,累积17690个独立有效工作日,获得独立有效照片8274张,其中兽类3810张,鸟类2958张,家畜829张,人类677张。共记录兽类20种,分属6目12科,鸟类72种,分属7目20科;其中国家一级重点保护野生动物1种,国家二级重点保护野生动物15种,合计占拍摄物种总数的17.39%。保护区内兽类相对多度指数前五的物种为:珀氏长吻松鼠(Dremomys pernyi)、赤麂(Muntiacus vaginalis)、赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus erythraeus)、猪獾(Arctonyx collaris)、野猪(Sus scrofa)。鸟类相对多度指数前五的物种为:白腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus amherstiae),红腹角雉(Tragopan temminckii)、橙翅噪鹛(Trochalopteron elliotii)、斑胸钩嘴鹛(Erythrogenys gravivox)、紫啸鸫(Myophonus caeruleus)。本次调查发现保护区内兽类新记录3种:黄喉貂(Martes flavigula)、亚洲狗獾(Meles leucurus)、灰头小鼯鼠(Petaurista caniceps);鸟类新记录42种,包括丘鹬(Scolopax rusticola)、灰头灰雀(Psittiparus gularis)、蓝歌鸲(Larvivora cyane)等。兽类和鸟类物种数在不同海拔、生境之间均存在极显著性差异(P<0.01),兽类物种数在不同季节间存在极显著性差异(P<0.01),鸟类物种数在不同季节间差异不显著(P>0.05)。本研究为云南药山国家级自然保护区兽类和鸟类本底提供真实的影像资料,不仅更新了该区域物种资源的数据库,还为保护区的科学保护和精准管理提供客观依据。

In order to systematically access the species diversity of mammals and birds of Yaoshan National Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province,we deployed 71 infrared cameras from July 2020 to October 2021 in 1 km×1 km grid area of the reserve according to the altitude zone.During the monitoring period,a total of 17960 camera days resulted in 8274 independent and valid photos,including 3810 mammals,2958 birds,829 livestock,and 677 people.A total of 20 species of mammals,belonging to 6 orders and 12 families,and 72 species of birds,belonging to 7 orders and 20 families,were recorded.Among them,one species is listed as ClassⅠand 15 species as ClassⅡNational Key Protected Wildlife in China,representing 17.39%of total species listed.The five most detected mammal species were Dremomys pernyi,Muntiacus vaginalis,Callosciuru serythraeus,Arctonyx collaris,and Sus scrofa.The five most detected bird species were Chrysolophus amherstiae,Tragopan temminckii,Trochalopteron elliotii,Erythrogenys gravivox,Myophonus caeruleus.Our survey detected 42 species of birds new to the reserve,including Scolopax rusticola,Psittiparus gularis,and Larvivora cyane,and 3 new species of mammals,Martes flavigula,Meles leucurus,and Petaurista caniceps.There are significant differences in bird diversity at different altitudes and habitats(P<0.01),but there are no differences between birds in different seasons(P>0.05),and there are significant differences between animals in different seasons(P<0.01).This study provides real image data of birds and mammals from Yaoshan National Nature Reserve,Yunnan Province,not only updates the database of species diversity in this area but also provides an objective basis for scientific protection and precise management of the reserve.