马克思唯物史观叙事中的剩余价值

The Surplus Value in the Narrative of Marx's Materialist View of History

探索剩余价值的形成逻辑和发展内涵贯穿于马克思主义唯物史观叙事之中。马克思主义认为,劳动不仅是历史创造的前提,也是剩余价值产生与形成的前提,阶级关系阐明资本家对无产阶级的剥削本质并指明追求剩余价值是资本主义社会发展的必然结果,从物质生产到历史形成,围绕生产力的状况塑造了剩余价值的发展走向。异化劳动回归人的本质、生产转向“普遍的需要”规定了剩余价值在历史发展中的最终归宿,实现了对劳动异化和生产社会化转向的批判性超越。从马克思辩证的历史观来看,批判剩余价值与人的解放、人的自由和全面发展是一致的,这是实践哲学在当今世界发展中的价值诉求。

Exploring the formation logic and development connotation of surplus value runs through the narra-tive of Marxist materialist view of history.Marxism believes that labor is not only a prerequisite for historical cre-ation,but also a prerequisite for the generation and formation of surplus value.Class relations clarify the essence of capitalist exploitation of the proletariat and indicate that the pursuit of surplus value is an inevitable result of the de-velopment of capitalist society.From material production to historical formation,the development direction of sur-plus value is shaped around the state of productive forces.The return of alienated labor to human nature and the shift towards"universal needs"in production determine the ultimate destination of surplus value in historical devel-opment,achieving a critical transcendence of labor alienation and the shift towards socialized production.From Marx's dialectical historical perspective,criticizing surplus value is consistent with human liberation,freedom,and comprehensive development,which is the value demand of practical philosophy in the current world develop-ment.