不同视线诱导系统下高速公路隧道入口减速行为试验研究

Experimental Study of Deceleration Behavior in Expressway Tunnel Entrance With Different Visual Guiding Systems

为分析驾驶人在隧道入口区域的减速行为特征,并定量评价不同视线诱导设施的调节作用,开展模拟试验,基于日间自由流状态构建场景1(行业标准、对照组)、场景2(2.5 m立面标记)、场景3(环形立面标记)、场景4(多层次视线诱导系统)4组试验场景,采用开始减速位置、减速度变化率、油门开度变化率等指标进行分析。试验结果如下:1)驾驶人速度变化呈现“平稳—下降—较平稳”趋势;2)在行业标准下开始减速位置较近,导致需采取较大减速度、较少减速阶段实现车速下降,行车舒适度低于、操纵危险度大于其他场景;3)2.5 m立面标记与环形立面标记均能使驾驶人提前辨识洞门,行车舒适区间占比有所提升;4)多层视线诱导系统表现最优,开始减速位置提前65%,行车舒适区间提升最大(13.1%),且其采用的控制油门减速策略,平均油门开度最大(0.095)、油门操纵危险度最小(0.13),是入口区域较适宜的减速模式。试验结果表明:隧道入口洞门采用环形立面标记、增设多层次视线诱导系统有利于驾驶人早发现、早减速、缓减速,能显著提升隧道入口区域行驶安全性与舒适性。

In this study,four test scenarios are established to analyze drivers′deceleration behavior at tunnel entrances during daytime free-flow conditions and quantitatively evaluate the regulating effects of different visual guiding facilities.The scenarios include:Scenario 1(control group with industry standards),Scenario 2(2.5-m elevation marker),Scenario 3(circular elevation marker),and Scenario 4(multi-level visual guiding system).The deceleration start position,changes in deceleration rate,and throttle opening rate are used as analytical indices.The test results show the following:(1)Drivers′speed patterns generally follow a stable-declining to relatively stable trend.(2)In Scenario 1,drivers began decelerating later,which lead to a more abrupt deceleration and a shorter deceleration stage,resulting in less driving comfort and higher control risk compared to other scenarios.(3)Scenarios 2 and 3 allow drivers to identify the tunnel portal earlier,thereby extending the driving comfort zone.(4)Scenario 4 performs the best,with the deceleration starting position 65%ahead of that in Scenario 1,and the driving comfort zone extends by 13.1%compared to Scenario 1.Furthermore,Scenario 4 achieves the highest average throttle opening(0.095)and the lowest throttle control risk(0.13),making it the most suitable deceleration mode for tunnel entrance areas.The test results demonstrate that using circular elevation markers at tunnel and a multi-level visual guiding system at tunnel entrances helps drivers detect the entrance earlier,start decelerating sooner,and decelerate slowly.This significantly improves driving safety and comfort in tunnel entrance areas.