《四库全书总目》编选“小说家类”的文体观

The Literary Style View of the Novelists in the Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Mu

小说在我国古代是一种兼有诸多文体类别的综合性文类,它包含的文体类别相当庞杂。《四库全书总目》作为清代官修书目,对“小说家类”的文体录入有一套较为详细的入选规则。从四库馆臣的编选观念来看,追求“惟其词之是”的文辞,推崇魏晋六朝的语体风格,对于语言鄙俗、过度伪饰、怒骂叫嚣的文章则一概否用;在小说的叙事方面,提倡“约而该”的叙述方法,对“敷衍成章”的文章则不予入编;不仅如此,他们还认为文章之用应“以资考证”。四库馆臣的著录态度与当时乾嘉考据学的兴起及其所追求的文风相关。

In ancient China,a novel is a comprehensive genre with many stylistic categories,which contains quite a number of stylistic categories.As an official work,the Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Mu has strict requirements on the style of"novelists",which is the result of the dual influence of official ideology and the mainstream academic thought of the times."General Catalogue"pursues ancient and elegant words,which advocates the style of Wei,Jin and Six Dynasties,and it also opposes the language of vulgarity,excessive hypocrisy and scolding,which reflects the cultural policy of"Qingzhen Yazheng"in the Qing Dynasty and the elegance of textual research."General Catalogue"pays attention to the narrative of the novel,which advocates the narrative method of"about it",and opposes the perfunctory narrative,which is actually the narrative of the novel with the historical style of"spring and autumn style"."General Catalogue"praises the simple style of"textual research"and opposes the red tape style,which is consistent with the style pursued by Qianjia textual research.