我国国家公园全民公益性实现路径研究

A Study on the Paths of Realizing Public Welfare in National Parks of Our Country

国家公园全民公益性的实现是推动人与自然和谐共生、实现绿色可持续发展的重要举措。我国首批5个国家公园在发展绿色生态产业、构建社区共管模式、开展自然教育活动三个方面对国家公园全民公益性的实现方式进行了有益探索。当前,国家公园全民公益性仍然面临着人的发展与生态保护的矛盾突出、旅游产业与公众利益的重心失衡、自然教育及科普宣教的功能缺失等现实困境。针对困境,从立足以人为本,重视居民合法权益;秉持公益理念,加强生态旅游管控;挖掘教育资源,提升自然育人功能三个方面提出国家公园全民公益性实现的有效路径。

The realization of public welfare for all the people in national parks is an important measure to promote harmonious coexistence between human beings and nature and to achieve green and sustainable development.The first five national parks in China have made beneficial exploration on the realization of public welfare for all in national parks in three aspects of developing green ecological industry,building a community co-management model and carrying out nature education activities.At present,the public welfare of national parks for all is still facing the dilemma of the contradiction between human development and ecological protection,the imbalance between the tourism industry and the public interest,and the lack of the functions of nature education and popular science education.In order to address these dilemmas,we propose an effective path for the realization of public welfare for all the people in national parks from the three aspects,namely,putting people first and paying attention to the legitimate rights and interests of the residents;upholding the concept of public welfare and strengthening the control of eco-tourism;and tapping into the educational resources and enhancing the function of nature education and human development.