深翻对小麦-玉米连作区小麦生长及赤霉病发生的影响

Effect of deep tilling on the occurrence of wheat Fusarium head blight in wheat-maize continuous cropping area

小麦-玉米连作区的秸秆还田已经成为大多数小麦-玉米连作区的重要生产模式,由于秸秆不断还田和全球气候条件的改变,由镰刀菌Fusarium spp.引起的小麦赤霉病(Fusarium head blight)已经成为小麦生产中的重要威胁之一。本研究通过在河北省小麦主产区石家庄北营、邢台塔底、廊坊北黄垡、邢台白木四地比较深翻(30 cm)与旋耕(15 cm)2种耕作方式对小麦生长和赤霉病发生的影响,旨在寻找高产、绿色、安全的防治小麦赤霉病途径。通过研究发现,深翻处理可以有效减少地表秸秆量,深翻地块的地表秸秆量较旋耕的减少53.8%~89.0%;深翻促进了小麦的生长,提高小麦产量6.97%~11.96%;深翻处理田块中捕获的赤霉病菌的有性孢子数量少于旋耕处理,赤霉病的发病率降低。在测试的北营、塔底、北黄垡、白木试验地中深翻对赤霉病的控制效果分别达到40.56%、43.62%、60.00%和50.26%。深翻措施能有效提高小麦的生长势和产量,减轻小麦赤霉病的发生程度,是一种绿色、安全、利于小麦高产的方法。

Straw returning to the wheat-maize continuous cropping area has become one of the most important production models in most wheat production areas in China.Due to the continuous straw returning and global climate changes,wheat Fusarium head blight(FHB)is gradually aggravated and has become one of the most threats to wheat production.How to safely and efficiently reduce the losses and hazards is the main issue facing wheat production today.In this study,we compared the effects of two tillage methods,deep tillage and rotary tillage,in Shijiazhuang Beiying,Xingtai Tadi,Langfang Beihuangfa,and Xingtai Baimu on the occurrence of FHB,and clarified the effect of deep tillage on wheat growth and the disease control.The results showed that deep tillage(30 cm)could effectively reduce the amount of straw on the surface of field by 53.8%-89.0%compared with that of rotary tillage(15 cm).The deep tillage treatment also promoted the wheat plant growth and increased the wheat yield by 6.97%-11.96%.The number of sexual spores of F.graminearum caught in deep tillage treatment was less than that in rotary tillage treatment,which reduced the incidence of FHB in wheat,and the control efficacy to wheat FHB was 40.56%,43.62%,60.00%and 50.26%in Beiying,Tadi,Beihuangfa and Baimu fields,respectively.Deep tillage could effectively improve the growth potential and yield of wheat,and reduce the occurrence of wheat FHB,indicating that it is a green,safe and beneficial method for wheat high yield.