3种施药方案对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果及经济效益分析

Control effect and economic benefits analysis of three fungicide combinations on potato late blight

马铃薯晚疫病是马铃薯生产上的重要病害,目前化学药剂防治仍是防控该病害的重要手段。本研究共设计3种马铃薯晚疫病药剂防控方案:方案1为0.3%丁子香酚可溶液剂+10%烯酰吗啉水乳剂160 g/(667 m^(2)·次);方案2为0.3%丁子香酚SL+10%烯酰吗啉EW 120 g/(667m^(2)·次)+代森锰锌60 g/(667m^(2)·次)+增效酮梨15 g/(667m^(2)·次);方案3为代森锰锌60 g/(667m^(2)·次)+增效酮梨15 g/(667m^(2)·次)+68.75%氟菌·霜霉威悬浮剂60 mL/(667m^(2)·次)/10%氟噻唑吡乙酮可分散油悬浮剂15 mL/(667m^(2)·次)/50%氟啶胺悬浮剂30 mL/(667m^(2)·次)(其中68.75%氟菌·霜霉威悬浮剂、10%氟噻唑吡乙酮可分散油悬浮剂、50%氟啶胺悬浮剂依次交替使用),根据田间马铃薯晚疫病发病进展,并结合晚疫病预警系统信息进行田间施药,对其防治效果和防治成本进行比较评价。结果表明,在整个防控期内,3种药剂方案对马铃薯晚疫病均具有较好的防控效果,田间防效均在90%以上;3种药剂方案处理的增产效果显著,产量均极显著高于清水对照CK的产量,3种方案间防效和产量无显著性差异;方案1药剂投入成本最低,方案2投入产出比最小,其中方案1中含有0.3%丁子香酚植物源药剂,不仅节约了成本,且减少了化学农药的使用。在实际生产中几种方案可交替使用,避免长期单一使用某种农药而产生抗药性。

Potato late blight is an important disease in potato production,and chemical control is still an important method to prevent and control the disease.In this study,three protocols for late blight prevention and control with fungicide were designed.The fungicide of protocol 1 is eugenol 0.3%SL+dimethomorph 10%EW 160 g/(667m^(2)·time);protocol 2 is eugenol 0.3%SL+dimethomorph 10%EW 120 g/(667m^(2)·time)+mancozeb 80%WP 60 g/(667m^(2)·time)+synergistic ketone pear 15 g/(667m^(2)·time);protocol 3 is mancozeb 80%WP 60 g/(667m^(2)·time)+synergistic ketone pear 15 g/(667m^(2)·time)+fluopicolide·propamocarb hydrochloride 68.75%SC 60 mL/(667m^(2)·time)or oxathiapiprolin 10%OD 15 mL/(667m^(2)·time)or fluazinam 50%SC 30 mL/(667m^(2)·time)in which fluopicolide·propamocarb hydrochloride 68.75%SC,oxathiapiprolin 10%OD and fluazinam 50%SC are used alternately.According to the incidence progress of potato late blight in the field and combined with the information of warning system,field application of the fungicide was carried out to compare and evaluate the control effect and control cost.The results showed that in the whole control period,the field control effect of the three fungicide protocols on potato late blight was more than 90%,and all had good control effect.The yield of the three protocols was significantly higher than that of CK with water and there was no significant differences in control effect and yield among the three protocols.Protocol 1 has the lowest input cost and protocol 2 has the lowest input-output ratio,among which protocol 1 contains 0.3%eugenol,a plant-derived biopesticide,which not only saves cost,but also reduces the use of chemical pesticides.In production,several protocols can be used alternately to avoid developing resistance.