发酵番茄秸秆对番茄产量构成及土壤微生物群落组成的影响

Effects of Fermented Tomato Straw on Tomato Yield Components and Soil Microbial Community Composition

以发酵番茄秸秆为试材,采用盆栽试验和高通量测序技术,研究了空白土壤(TCK)、添加发酵番茄秸秆(TT)、常规施肥处理(TS)、常规施肥混合添加发酵番茄秸秆(TTS)4个处理下种植番茄生长指标与土壤肥力指标以及土壤细菌和真菌群落微生物多样性的差异,以期为设施蔬菜秸秆的循环利用提供参考依据。结果表明:TT处理相较于TCK可以显著提升番茄植株茎粗、地上部分质量、单株产量,对叶绿素含量无显著影响;而TTS处理相较于TS处理,番茄植株茎粗、地上部分质量、单株产量及叶绿素含量并无显著差异。土壤理化指标方面添加配施发酵番茄秸秆,土壤有机质、碳氮比及速效磷、速效钾等有效养分含量显著升高;高通量测序发现,4个处理之间的细菌和真菌群落组成无显著性变化,TT处理相较于TCK处理,细菌Shannon多样性升高,真菌群落Shannon多样性变化不显著。不同处理间细菌群落和真菌群落的相对丰度发生显著性改变,表明配施发酵番茄秸秆可以提升番茄的产量及地上部质量,对提高植株叶绿素含量效果不显著。同时可以提升土壤的供肥能力,使土壤有机质、碳氮比及速效磷、速效钾等有效养分含量升高,使土壤细菌群落多样性升高,放线菌等部分优势菌群丰度增加,简单沤堆发酵的番茄秸秆可以作为优质的有机物料添加至栽培土壤中,实现设施蔬菜作物秸秆的循环利用。

Taking fermented tomato straw as the test materials,the differences of adding fermented tomato straw on the growth of tomato plants,soil physicochemical and soil microbial communities were studied under four treatments including blank soil(TCK),adding fermented tomato straw(TT),conventional fertilization treatment(TS),and conventional fertilization mixed with fermented tomato straw(TTS)by using pot experiment and high-throughput sequencing technology,in order to provide reference for recycling of vegetable straw.The results showed that TT treatment compared with TCK treatment could significantly increase tomato plant stem thickness,aboveground weight,single plant yield,no significant effect on chlorophyll content;while TTS treatment compared with TS treatment,tomato plant stem thickness,aboveground weight,single plant yield and chlorophyll content were not significantly different.In terms of soil physicochemical indicators,adding fermented tomato straw increased soil organic matter,carbon-nitrogen ratio and available phosphorus,available potassium and other effective nutrient contents significantly;high-throughput sequencing found that there was no significant change in the composition of bacterial and fungal communities among the four treatments,TT treatment compared with TCK treatment,bacterial Shannon diversity increased,fungal community Shannon diversity did not change significantly.The relative abundance of bacterial and fungal communities changed significantly among different treatments.Adding fermented tomato straw can increase tomato yield and aboveground weight,but has no significant effect on increasing plant chlorophyll content.At the same time,it could improve soil fertility capacity,increase soil organic matter,carbon nitrogen ratio,available phosphorus,available potassium and other effective nutrients.The diversity of soil bacteria community increased,and the abundance of some dominant bacteria such as actinomyces increased.Simple retting and fermentation of tomato straw could be added to the cultivated soil as high-quality organic materials to realize recycling of vegetable crop straw.