日粮蛋白水平对宁乡猪生长性能、肉品质和结肠短链脂肪酸的影响

Effects of Dietary Protein Level on Growth Performance,Meat Quality and Colon Short-Chain Fatty Acids of Ningxiang Pigs

试验旨在研究日粮蛋白水平对宁乡猪生长性能、肉品质和结肠短链脂肪酸的影响。试验选用200头平均体重为(50.24±1.84)kg的健康宁乡猪育肥猪,公母各半,随机分为5组,即极低蛋白水平日粮组(VLCP组)、低蛋白水平日粮组(LCP组)、正常蛋白水平日粮组(NCP组)、高蛋白水平日粮组(HCP组)、极高蛋白水平日粮组(VHCP组),每组5个重复,每个重复8头猪,试验期68 d。结果表明:各组间平均日采食量(ADFI)无显著差异(P>0.05)。随着日粮蛋白水平降低,末重和平均日增重(ADG)显著提高(线性,P<0.05),料重比(F/G)显著降低(线性,二次,P<0.05),眼肌面积和背膘厚显著提高(P<0.05),背最长肌红度(a*)和黄度(b*)显著提高(二次,P<0.05),背最长肌中己酸、棕榈油酸、亚油酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著提高(线性,P<0.05),硬脂酸含量显著提高(线性,二次,P<0.05),结肠食糜乙酸和戊酸显著提高(线性,P<0.05)。综上所述,不同日粮蛋白水平对50~80 kg宁乡猪生长性能、肉品质和结肠短链脂肪酸有显著影响。低蛋白日粮可显著降低料重比、改善宁乡猪肉品质,影响背最长肌脂肪酸组成、提高结肠内容物短链脂肪酸含量。

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary protein level on growth per⁃formance,meat quality and colon short-chain fatty acids of Ningxiang pigs.Two hundred healthy Ningx⁃iang fattening pigs with an average body weight of(50.24±1.84)kg,half male and half female,were ran⁃domly divided into 5 treatments:very low crude protein group(VLCP group),low crude protein group(LCP group),normal crude protein group(NCP group),high crude protein group(HCP group),very high crude protein group(VHCP group),there were 5 replicates per treatment and 8 pigs per replicate.The ex⁃periment lasted for 68 days.As dietary protein levels decrease,the final weight and average daily gain(ADG)were significantly increased(linear,P<0.05),feed conversion rate(F/G)was significantly decreased(linear,quadratic,P<0.05),backfat thickness and eye muscle area were significantly increased(P<0.05),the redness a*and yellow b*of longissimus dorsi muscle were significantly in⁃creased(twice,P<0.05),the contents of longissi⁃mus dorsalis butyric acid,palmitoleic acid,linoleic acid,stearic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids were significantly increased(linear,P<0.05),the contents of acetic acid and valeric acid in colonic chy⁃mus were significantly increased(linear,P<0.05).To sum up,different dietary protein levels had signifi⁃cant effects on growth performance,meat quality and colon short-chain fatty acids of 50-80 kg Ningx⁃iang pigs.low protein diet can significantly reduce the feed conversion rate,improve the quality of Ningx⁃iang pork,affect the fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi muscle,increase the content of short chain fatty acids in colon contents.