迁移视角下移动办公人群职住空间的郊区化特征探究——一个ICT对郊区化影响的大数据实证

Revealing the suburbanization characteristics of mobile-office worker's job-house space from the perspective of migration:A big data empirical study on the impact of ICT on suburbanization

信通技术影响下的郊区化现象和格局演变一直是城市空间结构研究的热点话题。移动办公作为信通技术衍生出的新型办公生产活动,极大地提升了个体职住空间选择的灵活性和流动性,从而为解析城市郊区化现象与城市空间结构演变规律提供了新视角。基于时序手机信令大数据,构建2019—2021年、2021—2023年武汉市高频移动办公人群和非移动人群职住空间迁移数据库,综合对比分析、空间分析、社会网络分析等方法探究其职住空间郊区化的数量、空间、结构特征和演进趋势。研究发现:①数量特征上,移动办公人群职住空间由中心城区向郊区新城迁移的人数和占比一定程度上高于非移动办公人群,其迁出数量更多且回迁相对更少,向郊区新城分散化的趋势在持续加强。②空间特征上,移动办公人群职住空间由中心城区向郊区新城迁移的趋势较为明显,而非移动办公人群则主要在中心城区内部迁移的趋势更为明显。同时,移动办公人群在中心城区圈层内负向净迁移量更多,而在郊区新城内正向净迁移量更大。这表明移动办公人群迁向郊区的分散化趋势进一步强化。③结构特征上,移动办公人群在部分郊区新城中心的中心度隐有反超中心城区的趋势,且其中心度增幅已经高于三分之一的中心城区中心。此外,相较于就业空间,移动办公人群居住空间的分散程度更强、辐射范围更远,逐渐由中心城区向城郊结合地区-近郊区新城中心-接近远郊的组团中心扩散,这表明移动办公人群居住空间的选择进一步削弱了地理集聚效应。研究通过大数据实证发掘了信通技术影响下的城市空间及结构的郊区化演变趋势,丰富了信通技术对城市郊区化作用格局、过程的相关研究,也为解析城市的郊区化分散规律提供了移动办公这一新的理论视角,对信通技术发展新阶段下的城市郊区化现象、城-郊进一步融合协调和郊区新城可持续发展具有借鉴作用。

The phenomenon of suburbanization under the influence of ICT has always been a hotspot in the study of urban space.As a new type of job activity derived from information and communications technology,mobile-office greatly improves the flexibility and mobility of individual's job-house space choices,which provides a new perspective for analyzing the suburbanization phenomenon of urban space,as well as the laws of how urban spatial structure to evolve.Based on the mobile phone big data,we firstly build the job-house spatial migration database of high-frequency mobile-office workers and non-mobile workers in Wuhan between 2019-2021 and 2021-2023,then explore the quantity,space,structural characteristics and evolution trend of their migration by using comparative analysis,spatial analysis,social network analysis.Our research has shown that mobile office has a promoting effect on the suburbanization of job-house space.Detailed conclusions are listed below.(1)The number and proportion of mobile-office workers migrating their job-house space from the central urban area to the suburban new city are higher than those of non-mobile office workers,with a larger number of moving out and relatively few moving back,and the trend of decentralization towards the suburban new city continues to strengthen.(2)Mobile-office workers mainly migrate from the central urban area to suburban new city,while non-mobile office workers mainly migrate within the central urban area.Besides,the mobile-office population has a greater negative net migration within the central urban area,while a greater positive net migration occurs in suburban new city.Our discovery indicates that the decentralization trend of mobile-office workers moving to the suburban new city has been further strengthened.(3)In terms of structural characteristics,the centrality of mobile-office workers in some suburban new city centers shows a potential trend of exceeding central urban area,and their centrality increase is higher than one-third of the central urban center.In addition,compared to suburbanization of job space,the dispersion of home space among mobile-office workers are stronger,with a wider migration district range,gradually spreading from the central urban area to the suburban new city and the far suburban city area.These conclusions indicate that the selection choice of job-house space for mobile-office workers obviously weakens the geographical agglomeration effect.Our study confirms the suburbanization trend of urban space under the influence of ICT,enriching the relevant research on the pattern and process of how ICT influences the suburbanization,as well as providing a theoretical perspective for analyzing the suburbanization of urban space in cities,which is of great importance to further integration of urban and suburban areas,and sustainable development of suburban new cities.