区域不平衡:理论回顾、研究进展与未来展望

Regional inequality:Theoretical review,research progress,and prospects

21世纪以来,全球区域不平衡发展现象不断加剧,对区域可持续发展形成严峻挑战。区域不平衡是经济地理学的经典命题,其概念与研究框架不断被更新,破解区域发展不平衡问题是促进区域高质量发展的重要前提,然而现有研究对区域不平衡研究的系统认知不足。基于此,论文梳理了国外区域不平衡研究发展历程和视角转向,通过国外趋势与国内外对比分析,提出区域不平衡研究方向展望。研究发现:①区域不平衡研究经历了早期萌芽阶段(19世纪末以前)、单一视角阶段(20世纪初至20世纪中期)、二元视角阶段(20世纪中期至20世纪末)和动态视角阶段(21世纪以来)4个阶段,研究视角从趋同、趋异转向动态开放;②随着区域融入全球化程度日益上升,区域不平衡研究发生了由经济不平衡转向多维度不平衡、从静态均衡到外生冲击、由地方化到“全球—地方”互动的视角转变,研究广度和深度不断提升;③当前区域不平衡研究范式变化趋势体现为衡量方法的改进、与现代经济地理学流派的融合和对尺度效应的关注;④未来区域不平衡研究亟需融合借鉴多学科的理论和方法,探索区域不平衡的内外因素协同作用、动态演化趋势和周期效应、多尺度力量交互和多元主体互馈机制等问题。

Since the beginning of the 21st century,the phenomenon of global regional inequality has been continuously exacerbated,posing severe challenges to regional sustainable development.Regional inequality is a classic proposition in economic geography,and its concepts and research frameworks are constantly being updated.Solving the problem of regional development inequality is an important prerequisite for promoting highquality regional development.However,existing research lacks systematic understanding of regional inequality.Based on this situation,this article reviewed the development process and perspective shift of international research on regional inequality,and outlined the prospects for the direction of regional inequality research through comparative analysis of international trends and situations in China.The research findings are as follows:1)Regional inequality research has gone through four stages:the early emerging stage(before the end of the 19th century),the single perspective stage(from the early 20th century to the mid-20th century),the dual perspective stage(from the mid-20th century to the end of the 20th century),and the dynamic perspective stage(since the 21st century).The research perspective has shifted from convergence and divergence to dynamic openness.2)With the increasing integration of regions into the global system,regional inequality research has shifted from economic inequality to multidimensional inequality,from static equilibrium to exogenous shocks,and from localization to a"global-local"interactive perspective,with continuously expanding breadth and depth of research.3)The current trend of paradigm shift in regional inequality research is reflected in the improvement of measurement methods,integration with the modern economic geography schools,and attention to scale effects.4)Future research on regional inequality urgently needs to integrate and draw on theories and methods from multiple disciplines,explore issues such as the synergistic effects of internal and external factors on regional inequality,dynamic evolutionary trends and cyclical effects,as well as interactions of multiple scales of power and mechanisms of feedback among diverse entities.