田园回归理念下日本城乡融合发展的多元主体变迁及其相关启示

Multi-actor changes of Japan’s urban-rural integration developmentfrom the perspective of returning to rural living and its implications

近年来,随着中国城乡差距的不断缩小,如何实现城乡融合发展逐渐成为中国人文地理学界讨论的热点话题,然而已有研究仍缺乏对城乡融合发展参与主体的探讨。近些年,日本学界与政界提出“田园回归”理念,关注人的主体性,提倡以城市乡村化为前提的城乡融合发展主体多元化,并以此尝试构建新型城乡关系。论文首先介绍了田园回归的提出背景及概念内涵。随后,从主体视角出发,通过对日本相关政策、时代背景、重大历史事件及社会舆论等内容的梳理,分析了田园回归理念下日本城乡融合发展的多元主体变迁过程,总结出“定居人口→移居人口→交流人口→关系人口”的变迁路径,表明参与日本城乡融合发展事业的相关社会群体范围在不断扩大。此外,田园回归理念还践行不以经济增长为唯一目标的发展观,注重社会主体价值的实现,为中国城乡融合发展提供了重要启示。

In recent years,as the urban-rural gap in China continued to narrow,achieving urban-rural integration has gradually emerged as a prominent topic within the field of human geography.However,existing research in this area still lacks sufficient attention towards the key actors involved in urban-rural integration.Meanwhile,the academic and political circles in Japan proposed the concept of"return to rural living",emphasizing human subjectivity and advocating for the diversification of urban-rural development based on the premise of ruralization of urban areas.This approach aims to construct a novel urban-rural relationship.This study began by providing an overview of the background and conceptual connotations of returning to rural living.From the actors'perspective,this article examined the transformation of multi-actors in Japan's returning to rural living movement by integrating relevant policies,historical context,significant events,and public opinions.It further outlined the progression from permanent population→migrant population→exchange population→related population,demonstrating the continuous expansion of social groups that are involved in urban and rural integration development in Japan.Additionally,the concept of returning to rural living adheres to a development perspective that does not solely prioritize economic growth but places importance on the realization of social subject values,which provides valuable insights for the integrated development of urban and rural areas in China.