寻找“有声的中国”:重返近代中国口头传播的历史现场

Seeking for the "Vocal China" :Returning to the Historical Scene of Oral Communication in Modern China

20世纪以来,新式演说、文明新戏、话剧、进步歌曲等诉诸听觉的传播形式,借助留声机、唱片、公共广播系统和有声电影等新媒介技术,克服了时间与空间的限制,传遍中国上下。这其中,演说产生了重要的社会作用,它是发挥启蒙价值的“文明利器”、往来汇通的文化产品、社会动员的文化旗帜,与近代中国探求民主革命的政治形势、西学东渐的文化交往、新旧并存的社会习俗产生深刻互动。陈平原教授在《有声的中国:演说的魅力及其可能性》中认为,演说学发展的背后一方面是对开放平等政治体制的追求,推动了对近代中国广大民众的思想启蒙;另一方面也深刻地影响了中国的文章变革,从白话文学、文学教育等角度透射着近代以来中国政治运作、文学风格和学问传承的发展变革。借助文本化实践、图像化展示和声音技术的复原,研究者可以重新勾勒出近代以来中国口语传播的图景,探究晚清民国时期口语传播对民主思想的引入、话语方式的革新所起到的深刻作用。以文本求声音,对近代演说的研究也为我们重返中国古代的口头传播现场提供了借鉴和可能。

Since the 20th century,new forms of communication such as speeches,new plays,and progressive songs have resorted to auditory means.With the help of new media technologies such as phonographs,records,public broadcasting systems,and sound films,they have overcome the limitations of time and space and spread throughout China.Speeches play an important social role,serving as a"weapon of spreading civilization"to unleash the value of enlightenment,a cultural product for communication and exchange,a cultural banner for social mobilization.It has had a profound interaction with the political situation of exploring democratic revolution in modern China,the exchange and conflicts between the eastern and western culture and the coexistence of old and new social customs.In Professor Chen Pingyuan's view,the development of public speaking studies is driven by the pursuit of an open and equal political system,which has promoted the enlightenment of the general public in modern China.On the other hand,it has profoundly influenced the transformation of Chinese writing,reflecting the development and transformation of political operations,literary styles,and academic inheritance in modern China from the perspectives of vernacular literature and literary education.With the help of textual practice,visual display,and sound technology restoration,researchers today can reconstruct the landscape of oral communication in China since modern times,and explore the profound role of oral communication in introducing democratic ideas and innovating discourse styles during the late Qing and Republican periods.The study of modern speech,which seeks sound through text,also provides us with reference and possibility to return to the oral communication scene in ancient China.