根际土壤理化性质及氮磷钾富集影响艾的表型特征与药用品质

The physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil and the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium influence on the phenotypic characteristics and medical quality of Artemisia argyi

为促进艾的科学栽培管理和种质资源利用,在12个产区收集艾种质资源及根际土壤,测定根际土壤理化性质、叶和茎的氮磷钾含量、表型特征、药用品质,探究指标间的关系,筛选优良种质资源.结果表明:艾的根际土壤变异程度大,均呈中性,氮磷含量丰富,有机碳、速效钾较为缺乏;叶、茎氮磷钾富集的变异系数为19.45%-177.73%,遗传多样性指数为1.526-2.470;表型特征的变异系数为13.14%-36.33%,遗传多样性指数为2.141-2.467;药用品质的变异系数为20.26%-102.13%,遗传多样性指数为2.015-2.477;主成分综合评价表明取自西峡县二郎坪镇(XX-2)、方城县独树镇(FC-1)的种质资源药用品质最优;聚类分析将12份种质资源分为4类,类群Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的叶片产量较高,类群Ⅳ药用品质较高;4个类群间指标的显著性差异分析、相关性分析及回归分析表明叶中的氮、钾素积累量与叶片产量显著正相关,土壤全磷含量与药用品质显著负相关.本研究表明根际土壤理化性质及叶、茎的氮磷钾富集与艾的表型特征、药用品质关系密切,栽培生产中应注意氮磷钾肥的施用配比,磷肥需适量减施,采自西峡县二郎坪镇(XX-2)和方城县独树镇(FC-1)的两份种质资源可作为优良种质开发的备选材料.(图3表9参40)

To clarify the mechanisms by which the physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil and nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)enrichment affect the phenotypic characteristics and medicinal quality of Artemisia argyi,germplasm resources and rhizosphere soil were collected from 12 regions.The physicochemical properties of the rhizosphere soil,N,P,and K contents of leaves and stems,phenotypic characteristics,and medicinal quality were determined.The results showed that the rhizosphere soils of Artemisia argyi had a large degree of variation,neutrality,rich N and P content,and a lack of organic carbon and available potassium.The coefficient of variation of N,P,and K enrichment in leaves and stems was 19.45%-177.73%,and the genetic diversity index was 1.526-2.470.The coefficient of variation of phenotypic characteristics was 13.14%-36.33%,and the genetic diversity index was 2.141-2.467.The coefficient of variation of medicinal quality was 20.26%-102.13%,and the genetic diversity index was 2.015-2.477.A principal component comprehensive evaluation showed that the best quality germplasm resources were obtained from Erlangping(XX-2)and Dushu(FC-1).The 12 germplasm resources were divided into four clusters for cluster analysis.The leaves of clusters Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ were higher in yield,and the medicinal quality of cluster Ⅳ was higher.Significant differences in the indices among the four clusters,correlation analysis,and regression analysis showed that the accumulation of N and K in leaves was significantly positively correlated with leaf yield,and the total phosphorus content in the soil was significantly correlated with medicinal quality in the negative phase.Research shows that the physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil and the enrichment of N,P,and K in leaves and stems are closely related to the phenotypic characteristics and medicinal quality of Artemisia argyi.The application proportion of N,P,and K fertilizers should be considered in cultivation and production,and the application of an appropriate amount of P fertilizer should be reduced.Two germplasm resources from Erlangping(XX-2)and Dushu(FC-1)could be used as alternative materials for the development of excellent germplasms.