以金融业高水平开放助力金融强国建设:实践基础、现实困境与策略进路

Supporting the Construction of A Financial Powerhouse Through High-Level Opening Up of the Financial Industry:Practical Foundation,Practical Constraints,and Strategic Approaches

中央金融工作会议明确提出金融强国建设的战略目标,金融业开放是其中的重要组成部分。金融业高水平开放通过助力打造中国特色现代金融机构体系、促进金融高质量发展、提升全球金融资源配置和链接能力,以及完善金融监管体系四个方面推动金融强国建设。金融业经过四十多年的开放历程取得了阶段性成就,如初步形成金融业领域外资市场准入型开放制度、金融机构“引进来”和“走出去”的双向开放格局、依托开放平台的先行先试机制以及逐步融入全球经济金融治理体系,但同时也面临着国际金融规则话语权缺失、中资金融机构“走出去”存在梗阻、外资金融机构“引进来”存在壁垒、配套措施尚未跟进以及形成多维度金融风险等现实困境。我国需要从稳步扩大金融业领域制度型开放、提升中资金融机构“走出去”的能级、消除外资金融机构在华展业壁垒、协调推进资本账户开放和人民币国际化、统筹金融业高水平开放与金融安全五个方面入手推进金融强国建设。

The Central Financial Work Conference has clearly put forward the strategic objective of building China into a financial powerhouse,with high-level financial sector opening up as a key component.Such opening up promotes the construction of a modern financial institution system with Chinese characteristics,drives high-quality financial development,enhances global financial resource allocation and linkage capabilities,and improves the financial regulatory system,thereby contributing to the construction of a financial powerhouse.Over the past four decades of opening up,Chinas financial sector has achieved phased achievements,such as the establishment of an institutional framework for foreign capital market access,the development of a dual-direction opening up pattern of“bringing in”and“going out”for financial institutions,the pilot mechanism relying on open platforms,and the gradual integration into the global economic and financial governance system.However,it also faces practical challenges at the same time,such as the lack of influence over international financial rule-making,obstacles for Chinese financial institutions in expanding overseas,barriers for foreign financial institutions operating in China,lack of follow-up supporting measures,and the emergence of multidimensional financial risks.To address these challenges and accelerate the construction of a financial powerhouse,China must take action in five key areas:expanding institutional opening up in the financial sector steadily,enhancing the capability of Chinese financial institutions to expand globally,eliminating barriers to foreign financial institutions entering the Chinese market,coordinating the capital account opening and RMB internationalization,and making an overall planning for high-level financial opening up and financial security.