不同硬质合金刀具车削GH4169时刀具性能的对比试验研究

Comparative Experimental Study of Cutting Tool Performance when Turning GH4169 with Different Cemented Carbide Tools

GH4169镍基高温合金因高强度、高耐磨性及高抗腐蚀性等优良性能被应用到航空航天零件制造等领域,作为典型的难加工材料,GH4169高温合金在切削中存在刀具磨损严重、加工效率低、表面质量差等问题。刀具材料的合理选择直接影响刀具使用寿命,通过使用三种不同硬质合金材料的刀具,在干式切削条件下,开展车削加工GH4169镍基高温合金的刀具磨损试验,对比研究不同刀具的磨损机理、磨损量和切屑形态的差异。试验结果表明:刀具前刀面以黏结磨损为主,后刀面以磨粒磨损为主;小进给量和小切削深度参数下以螺卷形切屑为主,切屑的折断效应与刀具基体材料和GH4169高温合金共同产生的切屑材料成分有关;在切削GH4169镍基高温合金时,高硬度且冲击韧性好的YBC251硬质合金刀具后刀面磨损量较小,磨损表面较均匀,但耐热性能稍差,适用于切削GH4169镍基高温合金。

GH4169 nickel-based superalloy has been applied to aerospace parts manufacturing due to its excellent properties such as high strength,high wear resistance and high corrosion resistance.However,as a typical difficult material,GH4169 has the problems of serious tool wear,low processing efficiency and poor surface quality during cutting.The reasonable selection of tool materials directly affects the service life of the tool.The tool wear test of GH4169 nickel-based superalloy is carried out by using three different kinds of carbide tools under dry cutting conditions.The wear mechanism,wear amount and chip shape of different tools are observed and studied.The test results show that the adhesive wear is mainly on the front tool face,and the abrasive wear is mainly on the back tool face.At low feed rate and low cutting depth,spiral chip is the main chip,and the chip breaking effect is related to the chip material composition of the tool base material and GH4169 alloy.The YBC251 carbide tool with high hardness and good impact toughness is suitable for cutting GH4169 nickel-based superalloy due to its lower tool surface wear,uniform wear surface and slightly poor heat resistance.