复合材料半自动制孔刀具结构设计与试验研究

Structural Design and Experimental Research of Semi-automatic Drilling Tools for Composite Materials

采用传统硬质合金刀具对碳纤维复合材料进行半自动制孔时容易产生烧伤、分层、撕裂等质量缺陷,本文对刀具材料和结构进行优化设计,提出一种PCD钻头和台阶式PCD扩孔钻,通过开展PCD和硬质合金刀具半自动制孔试验,分析孔壁温度、刀具磨损及出孔面质量,得出该刀具具有切削热量低、轴向力和径向力小的特点,能够减少碳纤维过热、烧伤和出孔面分层、撕裂的风险。

Carbon fibers in composite materials are prone to quality defects such as burns,delamination,and tearing when using traditional cemented carbide cutting tools for semi-automatic drilling.This article designs and optimizes the tool material and structure,and develops a PCD drill bit and a stepped PCD reaming drill.Through conducting semi-automatic drilling experiments with PCD and cemented carbide cutting tools,the temperatures of the hole wall,tool wear,and the quality of the hole surface are analyzed.It is concluded that the tool has the characteristics of low cutting heat,small axial and radial forces,and can reduce the risk of carbon fiber overheating,burns,and delamination and tearing on the hole surface.