热电材料的研究历程及其在智能纺织品中的应用

Historical research process of thermoelectric materials and their application in smart textiles

综述了热电材料的研究历程,以及热电材料在智能纺织品中的应用,分析了热电材料未来的发展方向。热电材料的发展可分为三代:第一代主要是硒化物和碲化物基材料,具有高热电性能,但会对环境造成危害;第二代主要是基于氧化物或硅化物的陶瓷材料,具有较低的成本和良好的环境友好性,但热电转换效率和机械强度有待提高;第三代主要涉及聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩、碳纳米管和石墨烯等复合材料,具有质量轻、柔性好、高热电性能和多功能性等优点,但制备工艺复杂且成本较高,稳定性较差。热电材料在智能纺织品中的应用涉及热电效应原理的应用、有机和无机热电材料的应用、碳纳米管掺杂改性方法的改进。热电材料未来发展的研究方向重点在开发低成本、高效的制备工艺,优化材料成分和结构设计,提高材料的热电转换效率。

The research history of thermoelectric materials and their applications in smart textiles were reviewed.The future development direction of thermoelectric materials was analyzed.The development of thermoelectric materials can be divided into three generations:the first generation mainly consists of selenide and telluride based materials,which have high thermoelectric properties but may pose an environment hazard;the second generation is mainly based on oxide or silicide ceramic materials,which have lower costs and good environmental friendliness,but the thermoelectric conversion efficiency and mechanical strength need to be improved;and the third generation mainly involves composite materials of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene),carbon nanotubes and graphene,etc.,which have the advantages of light weight,good flexibility,high thermoelectric performance and multifunctionality,but the preparation has the disadvantages of complex process,high cost and poor stability.The application of thermoelectric materials in smart textiles involves the application of thermoelectric effect principles,the application of organic and inorganic thermoelectric materials and the improvement of carbon nanotube doping modification methods.The research direction for the future development of thermoelectric materials will be focused on developing low-cost and efficient preparation processes,optimizing material composition and structural design and improving the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of materials.