不同产地‘龙丰’苹果果实品质评价

Evaluation on Fruit Quality of‘Longfeng’Apple from Different Producing Areas

为筛选能提高‘龙丰’苹果果实品质的产地和管理方式,选取适宜寒地苹果栽培的黑龙江省牡丹江市温春镇、宁安市、东宁市和内蒙古自治区通辽市12个村镇的‘龙丰’苹果为试验材料,测定单果重、pH、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、糖酸比、固酸比、维生素C含量8项品质指标,通过方差分析和相关性分析,结合主成分和聚类分析方法,评价不同产地‘龙丰’苹果果实品质。结果表明,不同产地‘龙丰’苹果8项品质指标均存在显著差异,其中糖酸比的差异最大,pH差异最小;8项品质指标间均存在不同程度相关性;通过主成分分析和聚类分析,筛选出糖酸比或固酸比、可溶性糖和可滴定酸3项指标为‘龙丰’苹果品质评价的核心指标,评价结果表明,宁安1、通辽2和宁安3综合排名最高;得出果园处于南坡和疏花疏果均能够提高果实的品质,综合品质表现结果总体为宁安>东宁>温春>通辽。利用主成分得分和贡献率构建果实品质的综合评价模型F_(综)=(0.422F_(1)+0.335F_(2)+0.128F_(3))/0.885。

In order to screen the production areas and management methods that can improve the quality of‘Longfeng’apple fruit,the‘Longfeng’apples from 12 villages and towns in Mudanjiang City of Heilongjiang Province,including Wenchun Town,Ning'an City,Dongning City,and Tongliao City of Inner Mongolia,which are suitable for apple cultivation in cold regions,were selected as the experimental materials.Eight quality indexes,including single fruit weight,pH,soluble solids,soluble sugar,titratable acid,sugar acid ratio,solid acid ratio,and vitamin C content,were determined.Through variance analysis and correlation analysis,combined with principal component analysis and cluster analysis.The results showed that there were significant differences in eight quality indexes of‘Longfeng’apples from different habitats,among which the difference in sugar acid ratio was the largest,and the difference in pH was the smallest;There were correlations among the eight quality indexes;Through principal component analysis and cluster analysis,three indicators,sugar acid ratio or solid acid ratio,soluble sugar and titratable acid,were selected as the core indicators for the quality evaluation of‘Longfeng’apple.The evaluation results showed that Ning'an 1,Tongliao 2 and Ning'an 3 ranked the highest in terms of comprehensive ranking.It was concluded that the orchard in the south slope and thinning flowers and fruits could improve the quality of fruit.The overall quality performance result was Ning'an>Dongning>Wenchun>Tongliao.The comprehensive evaluation model of fruit quality F=(0.422 F_(1)+0.335 F_(2)+0.128 F_(3))/0.885 was constructed by using the principal component score and contribution rate.