黑龙江省主要苹果种质资源性状评价

Evaluation of Major Apple Germplasm Resources in Heilongjiang Province

为了筛选黑龙江省主要苹果栽培品种的关键综合评价指标,提升育种效率,进而促进黑龙江省的苹果新品种选育以及苹果种质资源开发利用,以黑龙江省栽培的20个抗寒苹果品种为试验材料,通过调查来记录不同苹果品种的植物学性状、果实外观品质和果实风味品质,并对各苹果种质资源进行综合评价来确定适宜黑龙江省栽培的苹果品种。结果表明,20个苹果品种各项指标均存在较明显差异,综合品质较好的中果型苹果品种为龙帅、朱家1号,单果重都达到80 g以上;小果型苹果品种为塞外红、振兴1号和紫香。综合各项数据评价,适宜黑龙江省栽培的中果型苹果品种为龙帅,适宜黑龙江省栽培的小果型苹果品种为紫香、塞外红和振兴1号。

In order to screen the key comprehensive evaluation indexes of major apple cultivars in Heilongjiang Province,to improve the breeding efficiency,and promote the selection and breeding of new apple cultivars as well as the development and utilization of apple germplasm resources in Heilongjiang Province.In this study,20 cold-resistant apple varieties cultivated in Heilongjiang Province were used as experimental materials,and surveys were conducted to record the botanical traits,fruit appearance quality,and fruit flavor quality of different apple varieties,and the genetic diversity of each apple germplasm resource were comprehensively evaluated to determine suitable apple varieties for cultivation in Heilongjiang.The results showed that there were more obvious differences in the indicators of the 20 apple varieties,and the medium fruit-shaped apple variety with better comprehensive quality were Longshuai and Zhujia 1 had the best comprehensive quality,and the single fruit weight reached more than 80 g;The small-fruited apple varieties were Saiwaihong,Zhenxing 1 and Zixiang.Evaluating all the data together,the medium-fruited apple varieties suitable for cultivation in Heilongjiang are Longshuai,the small-fruited apple varieties suitable for cultivation in Heilongjiang are Zixiang,Saiwaihong and Zhenxing 1.