黄树莓品种‘金秋’在哈尔滨地区的引种表现及栽培技术

Introduction Performance and Cultivation Technology of Rubus Cultivar‘Golden Autumn’in Harbin Area

为丰富黑龙江省的树莓品种资源,从沈阳农业大学引进黄树莓品种‘金秋’在哈尔滨地区进行了4年的试栽试验,采用田间观察与实验室测定相结合的方法,对‘金秋’的物候期、植株生物学特性、果实品质以及相关栽培技术要点进行了研究和总结。结果表明,黄树莓品种‘金秋’在哈尔滨地区的生长良好,长势较强,平均株高可达150.36 cm,枝条粗壮,平均粗度1.31 cm。果实风味香甜,酸味少,可溶性固形物含量为11.80%,果实出汁率59%,总糖含量为6.40%,可滴定酸为2.13%,VC含量为42.35 mg·(100 g)^(-1),综合品质与对照品种相比较为优异。该品种适宜在土质疏松,排水条件良好的平地建园,栽培架式采用‘T’型架,年生长周期中以秋季使用有机基肥为主,结果期可追施磷钾肥。综合来看‘金秋’营养品质优于红树莓,且适合省力化栽培管理模式,但该品种果实硬度较差,不耐储运,较为适合采摘园的生产模式。

In order to enrich the raspberry cultivar resources in Heilongjiang Province,clarify the popularization and cultivation potential of the yellow raspberry cultivar‘Golden Autumn’was introduced from Shenyang Agricultural University,this study carried out a four-year trial planting experiment on this cultivar,and the phenological period,plant biological characteristics,fruit quality and related cultivation technology points of‘Golden Autumn’were studied and summarized by the research method combining field observation and laboratory determination.The results showed that,this cultivar grew well in Harbin Area,with an average plant height of 150.36 cm and thick branches with an average thickness of 1.31 cm.The fruit had sweet flavor and less acidity,the soluble solids content was 11.80%,the juice yield was 59%,the total sugar content was 6.40%,the titratable acid was 2.13%,and the VC content was 42.35 mg·(100 g)^(-1).This cultivar was suitable for building gardens on flat land with loose soil and good drainage conditions,and the cultivation frame type adopts a‘T’frame,and the organic base fertilizer was mainly used in autumn in the annual growth cycle,and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be applied in the fruiting period.On the whole,the nutritional quality of‘Golden Autumn’was better than that of red raspberry,and it was suitable for labor-saving cultivation and management mode,but the fruit hardness of this cultivar was poor,and it was not resistant to storage and transportation,so it was more suitable for the production mode of picking garden.