分布式麦克风阵列拾音理论与应用方法综述

A Survey on Sound Acquisition Theories and Application Methods of Distributed Microphone Arrays

经过数十年的发展,麦克风阵列技术日益成熟,并广泛应用于视频会议、智能电视、移动通话和助听器等人机交互系统。然而,现实噪声或远距离交互场景中,限定阵型结构的传统麦克风阵列的拾音质量难以保证。随着无线智能终端设备的广泛使用,分布式麦克风阵列(或称无线声传感器网络)为提升复杂开放域语音交互系统的拾音质量提供了更多可能性,并在阵列组织、应用体验和声场覆盖度上更有优势。近年来,分布式麦克风阵列在很多语音交互任务上展现出良好的应用潜力,基本实现了对传统麦克风阵列语音任务的全覆盖。本文将重点总结现阶段分布式麦克风阵列的拾音理论和应用方法,包括阵列组织原理、麦克风节点效用评估,以及结合下游语音任务阐述其应用方法。最后,将简要论述分布式麦克风阵列走向实用的关键挑战与发展趋势。

Over the past few decades of development,microphone array technology is becoming more mature,which has been applied to various human-machine interaction systems,e.g.,video-conferencing,intelligent television,mobile telephony,hearing aids.However,in realistic noisy or distant interaction scenarios,the sound acquisition quality(SAQ)of conventional topology-constrained microphone arrays cannot be guaranteed.With the wide range of using wireless intelligent terminal devices,distributed microphone array(DMA)or so-called wireless acoustic sensor network(WASN)provides more possibilities of improving the SAQ for speech interaction systems in complex and open domains,and shows a superiority in array organization,application experience and scene coverage.Recently,DMA exhibits a good applicable potential in many speech interaction tasks,which almost cover the tasks that conventional microphone array can handle.This survey will mainly summarize some existing important sound acquisition theories and application methods of DMA,including principles of array organization,utility evaluation of microphone nodes and the application methods in combination of downstream speech tasks.Finally,we will briefly discuss some key challenges and developing trends of the road of DMA to practical usages.