秦岭北麓国有潘家湾林场野生植物区系特征

Floristic Characteristics of Wild Plants in Panjiawan Forest Farm in the Northern Foothill of Qinling Mountains

目的:探明秦岭北麓国有潘家湾林场的植物资源及区系特征,为该区自然资源的保护、管理和持续利用提供科学依据。方法:在研究区设置样线与样方进行调查,结合植物标本采集鉴定及文献资料汇总,分析维管植物区系的物种组成和分布区类型。结果:研究区维管植物共121科422属652种,包括蕨类植物16科25属38种,裸子植物3科6属7种,被子植物102科391属607种;被子植物中单子叶植物13科83属127种,双子叶植物89科308属480种;国家Ⅱ级重点保护植物6种,陕西省级重点保护植物8种。资源植物分类中,药用植物113科353属489种,野菜植物28科49属55种,果品植物13科24属35种,淀粉植物8科8属10种,油脂植物31科48属58种,芳香植物18科20属22种,纤维植物16科26属29种,鞣料植物17科23属26种,树脂及树胶植物5科6属7种,蜜源植物14科24属24种,观赏植物75科146属181种。研究区维管植物区系地理成分复杂多样,科的分布有9个分布型和5个变型,热带科(47科,38.85%)稍多于温带科(40科,33.07%);属的分布有15个分布型和9个变型,温带地理成分占绝对优势(307属,72.75%),尤其以北温带分布为主。结论:国有潘家湾林场维管植物区系的过渡性质与交汇性质明显,温带成分占优势,具有一定的古老性;资源植物丰富,应加强生物多样性保护开展珍稀濒危物种的就地保护和资源植物的引种、驯化和规模栽培,在充分保护的前提下合理利用野生植物资源。

Objective:The objective of this study was to elucidate the plant resources and floristic characteristics of the state-owned Panjiawan forest farm at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains,providing a scientific basis for the conservation,management,and sustainable utilization of natural resources in the area.Methods:Combined field surveys and plant specimen collection to analyze the species composition and distribution patterns of vascular flora.Results:A total of 652 species belonging to 422 genera and 121 families of vascular plants were found in the study area,including 38 kinds of pteridophytes belonging to 25 genera and 16 families,7 kinds of gymnosperms belonging to 6 genera and 3 families,and 607 kinds of angiosperms belonging to 391 genera and 102 families.Among the angiosperms,there were 127 kinds of monocotyledonous plants and 480 species of dicotyledons,which belonged to 83 genera and 13 families,308 genera and 89 families,respectively.Additionally,the area supported 6 kinds of nationally protected plants and 8 kinds of provincially protected plants.Regarding resource plant classification,medicinal plants comprised 489 species in 353 genera and 113 families,while edible plants included 55 species in 49 genera and 28 families.The geographical composition of vascular flora was complex and variable,and there were 9 kinds of geographic distribution types and 5 kinds of variants among families.Temperate families were predominant,comprising 40(33.07%)compared to 47(38.85%)tropical families.Among genera,temperate geographic distribution types dominated with 307(72.75%)genera,especially those of north temperate distribution.Conclusion:The vascular flora of the state-owned Panjiawan forest farm showed evident transitional and intersecting properties,with a dominance of temperate zone components,indicating a certain antiquity.Considering the richness of resource plants in the study area,it was imperative to enhance biodiversity protection,especially the endangered species should be protected by conducting in-situ conservation.Futhermore,the introduction,domestication,and large-scale cultivation of resource plants should be developed under adequate protection.