红薯叶叶片及其叶柄中多元素的分析

Analysis of Multi-Elements in Leaves and Petioles of Sweet Potato

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法分别对30批红薯叶中叶片、叶柄进行多元素测定。主成分分析表明红薯叶叶片的特征元素比叶柄的特征元素丰富,Al、Ti、Fe、V、Na、Mg、Ca、Co、Mn、K、Sr、Zn、B、Cu、Ba和Tl这16种元素为红薯叶叶片的特征元素,Ca、Sr、B、K、Na、Mg、Ba、Tl和Mn这9种元素为红薯叶叶柄的特征元素,同时是叶片和叶柄共同的特征元素;所有被测样品中,Pb、Hg、As、Cd和Cr均符合《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762—2022)要求。但叶片中Pb、Hg、As和Cd这4种重金属元素检出率均比叶柄高,说明红薯叶叶片富集Pb、Hg、As和Cd这4种重金属元素的能力更强;在矿物质中,除元素Se未检出外,红薯叶叶片和叶柄中8种矿物质含量趋势一致(K>Ca>Na>Mg>Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu),但是叶片的含量均比叶柄高,说明叶片对矿物质的富集能力比叶柄强。综上,红薯叶受Pb、Hg、As、Cd和Cr等5种重金属污染的风险较低,叶片的特征元素比叶柄的特征元素丰富,且叶片中各元素的含量均比叶柄高,说明叶片对矿物质的富集能力比叶柄强。

Leaf and petiole of 30 batches of sweet potato were determined by ICP-MS.Principal component analysis showed that,the characteristic elements of sweet potato leaf were more abundant than those of petiole.Al,Ti,Fe,V,Na,Mg,Ca,K,Co,Mn,Sr,Ba and Tl were the characteristic elements of sweet potato leaves,Ca,Sr,B,K,Na,Mg,Ba,Tl and Mn were the characteristic elements of sweet potato leaf petiole,and they were also the common characteristic elements of leaf and petiole.The results showed that Pb,Hg,As,Cd and Cr in all samples were in accordance with GB 2762—2022.However,compared with petiole,the detection rates of Pb,Hg,As and Cd in leaves were higher than those in petiole,indicating that the leaves of sweet potato were more capable of enriching Pb,Hg,As and Cd.Except the element Se was not detected,the contents of 8 minerals in the leaves and petioles of sweet potato had the same trend(K>Ca>Na>Mg>Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu),but the content of leaf was higher than that of petiole,which indicated that the ability of leaf to enrich mineral was stronger than that of petiole.In conclusion,the risk of contamination of sweet potato leaves by Pb,Hg,As,Cd and Cr was lower,and the leaf characteristic elements were more abundant than the petiole,and the contents of each element were higher than the petiole,it indicated that the mineral enrichment ability of leaf was stronger than that of petiole.