不同寄主植物配置对蒜头果生长影响的研究

Effects of Different Host Plants Configuration on the Growth of Malania oleifera

目的:研究配置不同植物对半寄生植物蒜头果(Malania oleifera)生长的影响,筛选优良的寄主植物,为其引种驯化提供依据。方法:开展不同植物与蒜头果盆栽共培养试验,试验18个月后,对蒜头果的株高、地径、生物量、吸器的数量和大小、叶绿素含量及根、茎、叶中营养元素含量进行测定分析。结果:配置不同寄主植物的蒜头果生长有显著差异。旱冬瓜(Alnus nepalensis)作为寄主植物的蒜头果表现最好,株高、地径和地上部分生物量分别达到72.92 cm、9.83 mm和33.57 g,是不配置寄主植物(对照)的1.89倍、1.45倍和3.19倍;其次是配置假蒿(Eupatorium capillifolium)的蒜头果,株高、地径和地上部分生物量分别为57.55 cm、8.66 mm和22.49 g,是对照的1.49倍、1.28倍和2.14倍。蒜头果植株的叶绿素含量和不同部位全氮、全磷、全钾含量也是配置旱冬瓜和假蒿的处理显著高于其他处理。结论:适宜的寄主植物能提高蒜头果对养分的吸收能力,增强叶绿素的合成,从而促进蒜头果的生长发育,无寄主配置的蒜头果生长不良,蒜头果对寄主植物表现出较强的依赖性。旱冬瓜和假蒿可作为优良的寄主植物在蒜头果人工种植中推广应用。

Objective:In order to screen for suitable host plants for Malania oleifera,five species were planted with M.Oleifera through a pot experiment.Methods:The height,collar diameter,biomass,haustoria number and size,chlorophyll content,content of nutrient elements in roots,stems and leaves were examined.Results:Eighteen months after experiments,it was found that the growth of M.oleifera exhibited significant differences among treatments of the host plant species.Alnus nepalensis was the most efficient host,the height,collar diameter and aboveground biomass of M.oleifera were 72.92 cm,9.83 mm and 33.57 g,which were 1.89 times,1.45 times and 3.19 times of the control without host.Next came Eupatorium capillifolium,the height,collar diameter and aboveground biomass of M.oleifera were 57.55 cm,8.66 mm and 22.49 g,achieved 1.49 times,1.28 times and 2.14 times of the control.The chlorophyll content and the content of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium of M.Oleifera grown with A.nepalensis and E.Capillifolium were significantly higher than other treatments.Conclusion:Suitable host plants promoted the absorption of M.Oleifera for nutrients,enhanced its chlorophyll synthesis,and thus improved the growth,indicating the obvious dependency of M.oleifera on the hemiparasitism.A.nepalensis and E.capillifolium could be applied as ideal host plants for the cultivation of M.Oleifera.