贵阳市不同建成时期住宅小区植物多样性研究

Study on Plant Diversity of Residential Quarters in Different Construction Periods in Guiyang City

目的:掌握贵阳市不同时期建成的住宅小区植物物种组成、多样性变化规律。方法:在贵阳市老城区选取1976年至2022年建成的35个住宅小区为研究对象,共设置大小样方1050个,统计分析植物多样性指标。结果:住宅小区共有104科237属369种植物;其中优势科主要有蔷薇科(Rosaceae)、禾本科(Gramineae)、菊科(Asteraceae)、木犀科(Oleaceae);优势属主要有女贞属(Ligustrum)、杜鹃花属(Rhododendron)、黄杨属(Buxus);优势种主要有香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)、桂花(Osmanthus fragrans)、金森女贞(Ligustrum japonicum'Howardii')、红花檵木(Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum)、狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)、白车轴草(Trifolium repens)等。按不同建成时间将研究对象划分为5个时期进行多样性比较,5个时期植物物种Patrick指数、Shannon-Wiener指数变化趋势基本相同,于Ⅳ或者Ⅴ时期达到最高值,随着时间推移逐渐增加。5个时期物种Pielou指数于Ⅱ时期高于其他时期,随着时间推移呈递减又有回升趋势。结论:植物多样性与城市住宅小区建成时间有密切关联。

Objective:To understand the changes in plant species composition and diversity of residential areas built in different periods in Guiyang.Methods:35 residential areas built from 1976 to 2022 in the old city of Guiyang were selected as the research objects.A total of 1050 large and small plots were set up to statistically analyze plant diversity indicators.Results:There were 369 plants belonging to 237 genera and 104 families in the residential areas.The dominant families were Rosaceae,Gramineae,Asteraceae and Oleaceae.The dominant genera were Ligustrum,Rhododendron and Buxus.The dominant species were Cinnamomum camphora,Osmanthus fragrans,Ligustrum japonicum'Howardii',Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum,Cynodon dactylon and Trifolium repens.The research objects were divided into five periods according to different construction times for diversity comparison.The trend of the Patrick index and Shannon-Wiener index of plant species in the five periods was basically the same,reaching the highest value in period IV or V,and gradually increasing over time.The Pielou index of species in the five periods was higher in period II than in other periods,showing a trend of decreasing first and then rising over time.Conclusion:Plant diversity was closely related to the construction time of urban residential areas.