后批判理论对现代性悖谬的政治伦理诊疗及启示——以霍耐特与弗雷泽为例

Political Ethics Diagnosis and Enlightenment of Post-Critical Theory's on the Paradox of Modernity——Take Honneth and Fraser as Examples

面对资本主义现代化进程中出现的伦理危机,以霍耐特和弗雷泽为代表的后批判理论秉持马克思主义的批判立场,借助社会病理学方法对其予以诊疗。霍耐特通过重构的社会正义分析论,揭示资本主义社会的自由病理学,并借助公共领域建构民主的生活形式。弗雷泽则在批判拓展了的资本主义非正义观基础上,提出对社会秩序的结构化重组和民主化改造。他们对保障个体自我实现的社会伦理机制的批判性反思,不仅推动后批判理论政治伦理思想的进一步深化,更拓展了马克思主义现代性批判理论的问题域,同时提请当代警惕社会现代化进程中可能出现的民主退化风险,积极探索政治文明新形态。

Faced with the ethical crisis in the process of capitalist modernization,the post-critical theory represented by Honneth and Fraser upholds the critical position of Marxism and treats it from the dimension of social pathology.Based on the reconstructed analysis of social justice,Honneth reveals the free pathology of capitalist society and constructs the democratic life form by public sphere.Criticizing the expanded view of capitalist injustice,Fraser proposes the structural reshaping and democratic transformation of the social order.Their critical reflection on the social ethical mechanism that guarantees individual self-realization not only promotes the further deepening of the political ethical thought of post-critical theory,but also expands the problem domain of Marxist critical theory of modernity.At the same time,they reminds the contemporary society to beware of the risk of democratic degradation that may occur in the process of social modernization,and actively explores the new form of political civilization.