格网尺度下内蒙古库布齐七星湖国家沙漠公园生态系统服务价值时空演化特征

Spatio-temporal evolution of ecosystem service value in Inner Mongolia Kubuqi Qixing Lake National Desert Park at a grid scale

以内蒙古库布齐七星湖国家沙漠公园为研究对象,参照中国陆地生态系统服务价值当量计算模型,基于2000—2021年4期Landsat影像数据,借助ENVI、ArcGIS平台定量识别土地利用演变特征,并在300m×300m格网尺度下估算区域生态系统服务价值的时空动态变化。结果表明:1)库布齐七星湖国家沙漠公园农田、草地、水体和建设用地持续增加,裸地逐渐减少。21年间,裸地面积缩减1979.40hm^(2),草地面积增加1854.99hm^(2),是区域内变化幅度最大的地类。2)2021年沙漠公园生态系统服务价值较2000年增加了3086.95万元,增幅达到120.27%。在不同年份,生物多样性保护、废物处理和土壤形成与保护、水源涵养四方面的生态系统服务价值占比总和均在78%以上。从空间格局分布上看,生态系统服务价值高值区主要位于公园北部的沙漠体验区。较高值区地类以草地为主,其分布范围较大,且有向公园南部沙地保育区扩张的趋势。3)草地面积的增加是带动区域生态系统服务价值增大的主因,同时公园北部草地退化为裸地导致部分格网生态系统服务价值降低,此现象可能与旅游活动的干扰有关。

Taking Inner Mongolia Kubuqi Qixing Lake National Desert Park as the research object,refering to China′s land ecosystem service value equivalent calculation model,The ENVI and ArcGIS platforms were used to quantitatively identify the land use evolution characteristics based on Landsat image data from 2000 to 2021.The spatial-temporal dynamic changes of regional ecosystem service value were estimated at 300m×300m grid scale.The results showed that:1)The farmland,grassland,water and construction land in Kubuqi Qixing Lake National Desert Park kept increasing,while the bare land gradually decreased.During 21 years,the bare land area decreased by 1979.40hm^(2),and the grassland area increased by 1854.99 hm^(2),they are the land types with the largest change range in the region.2)Compared with 2000,the ecosystem service value of desert park in 2021 increased by 30.86 million yuan,with an increase of 120.27%.In different years,the combined proportion of ecosystem service values in biodiversity conservation,waste disposal and soil formation and protection,and water conservation has always been above 78%.From the perspective of spatial pattern distribution,the high value area of ecosystem service value is mainly located in the desert experience area in the north of the park.The grassland is the dominant land type in high-value areas,with a large distribution range,and appearing a trend of expansion to the southern sandy conservation area of the park.3)The increase of grassland area is the main factor driving the increase of regional ecosystem service value,and the degradation of grassland to bare land in the northern park leads to the decrease of ecosystem service value in some grids,which may be related to the interference of tourism activities.