清末广东潮阳三园营造特征探析

Construction Characteristics of the Three Gardens in Chaoyang of Guangdong Province at the Late Qing Dynasty

1860年汕头开埠后,潮汕地区对外贸易达到顶峰,潮阳县治商业贸易不断发展,商人群体活动更加活跃,为九邑之最。“潮阳三园”是这一时期兴起的3座私家园林,3个园主海外经商或游学的身份背景使得海外的建筑文化、样式和技术得以被引入园中。以清末潮阳三园为研究对象,采用文献研究、实地调研、口述访谈等研究方法,从潮阳三园造园历史背景和3位园主的身份出发,重点对比潮阳三园的园林空间布局、游线组织、营造材料与意匠营造的特征,探讨其在多元文化交流影响下的滨海园林营造特征。潮阳三园在积极吸收与应用西方技术与材料的同时,不忘彰显对潮汕本土园林形式与文化内核的尊崇。

In 1860,after the opening of the port of Shantou,the foreign trade of the Chaoshan area peaked,and Chaoyang County saw the continuous development of commerce and trade the activities of merchants’groups became more active,which was the most important of all the Nine counties.The Three Gardens in Chaoyang were the three private gardens that emerged during this period,and the background of the Three Gardeners’status as overseas merchants or overseas students made it possible for overseas architectural cultures,styles,and techniques to be introduced and applied to the Three Gardens in Chaoyang.Taking the three gardens in Chaoyang at the end of the Qing Dynasty as the main research object,this paper adopts research methods such as documentary research,field research and mapping,oral research,etc.Starting from the historical background of the three gardens in the era of gardening in Chaoyang,the paper focuses on comparing the background of the identity of the owners of the Three Gardens in Chaoyang,the garden spatial layout,the organization of the tour line,the construction materials and techniques,and the cultural connotation of the three gardens in Chaoyang,to explore the specific performance and historical value under the influence of multiculturalism.While actively absorbing and applying Western techniques and materials,the Three Gardens in Chaoyang have not forgotten to respect the inner core of Chaoshan's indigenous garden forms and culture.