《淮南子》中的早期中华民族共同体意识初探

A Preliminary Study on the Consciousness of the Early Chinese National Community in Huainanzi

铸牢中华民族共同体意识,是习近平总书记提出的马克思主义民族理论的重大原创性论断,是新时代中国共产党民族工作的“纲”。汉代是“自在的”中华民族形成与中华文化塑造奠基的重要阶段,《淮南子》成书于西汉景帝时期,以道家思想为主,融汇各家,其中的论述包含战国秦汉诸子对政治治理和社会治理的构思,早期中华民族共同体意识的部分特点在三种叙事模式下呈现:第一,在圣王叙事方面,圣王人化、“天命”与“德”紧密结合,共同塑造了古代早期的家国一体意识和引导中华民族追求团结统一的自立自强意识;第二,在“万物同源”的宇宙生成模式下,人与自然之间、民族与民族之间形成了绵延不绝的联系和文化认同、民族认同,推动了从古至今民族共同体意识的发展和强化;第三,神话、想象、现实杂糅的记载,使文化渊源具有共同的历史记忆和物候风俗认可,在此基础上实现了物质文化和精神文化的共同建设,最终在当代形成了铸牢中华民族共同体意识的共识。

Strengthening the consciousness of the Chinese national community is a significant original thesis first proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping.It serves as the guiding principle of contemporary ethnic work.The Han Dynasty marked a crucial stage in the formation of the“free”Chinese nation and laid the foundation for Chinese culture.Huainanzi,written dur-ing the reign of Emperor Jing of the Western Han Dynasty,is primarily based on Daoist thought while integrating ideas from various other schools.Its discussions include the concepts of political and social governance advanced by the scholars of the Warring States,Qin,and Han periods,which exhibit certain features of early Chinese national community consciousness.This consciousness is manifested through three narrative modes:First,under the narrative of the“sage kings”,the humanization of the sage kings and the close intertwining of“Mandate of Heaven”(tianming)and“virtue”(de)collectively shaped an early form of consciousness that unified the concepts of family and state,guiding the Chinese nation towards a pursuit of solidarity,self-reliance,and self-improvement.Second,under the cosmological model of“the homology of all things”,enduring connec-tions between humans and nature,as well as between different ethnic groups,were established,fostering cultural and national identities that have contributed to the ongoing development and strengthening of a national community consciousness from an-cient times to the present.Third,the blending of myth,imagination,and reality within the text contributes to a shared historical memory and recognition of phenological customs,which serves as the basis for the co-construction of both material and spiritu-al culture.This,in turn,ultimately led to the formation of a contemporary consensus on strengthening the consciousness of the Chinese national community.