祁连山南坡土地利用变化及碳储量研究

Study on Land Use Change and Carbon Stock on the South Slope of Qilian Mountains

祁连山区域作为中国西北地区的生态过渡带,其陆地生态系统具有巨大的固碳能力。了解土地利用和碳储量变化并预测其时空演变格局,可为生态固碳提供参考,对优化区域国土空间规划措施和维护生态环境可持续发展具有重要意义。以祁连山南坡为例,基于2000、2010和2020年3期土地利用数据,运用GIS技术分析2000-2020年研究区土地利用变化,在此基础上,利用CA-Markov模型和InVEST模型,通过实地调查与当地政策相结合,选取高程、坡度、坡向、距道路距离、适宜开发性等作为影响性因子,预测2030年研究区土地利用变化下的碳储量格局。结果表明,1)研究区2000-2020年土地利用类型以草地为主,并逐年减少,其次为裸地和林地,建设用地面积最小。同时各用地类型均在发生相互转化,在空间上具有可逆性。在土地利用变化上,建设用地土地利用动态度最快,表明该地区研究时段内城建面积扩张迅速。2)利用CA-Markov模型对研究区2030年土地利用变化进行预测模拟,预测精度Kappa值88.9%,表明该预测模拟在复杂的祁连山区可行。预测显示,2030年祁连山南坡土地利用以草地、裸地和林地为主。耕地、林地、建设用地、湿地和裸地均呈增加趋势,草地呈现减少趋势。3)估算研究区2000、2010和2020年的碳储量分别为4.03×10^(8)、4.13×10^(8)、4.22×10^(8)t。2030年碳储量将达到4.49×10^(8)t,较2020年增长6.40%,碳储量呈稳步增加趋势,主要原因是林地及湿地的扩张,使碳储量的净固持量大于了净释放量,有利于碳的固存。该研究可为祁连山生态环境治理和土地利用管理决策提供科学依据。

The Qilian Mountains region in Northwest China is an ecological transition zone with enormous potential for sequestering carbon in its terrestrial ecosystems.For the purpose of ecological carbon sequestration,it is important to comprehend how land use and the carbon stock are changing and to predict the patterns of their spatial and temporal evolution,which is great significance for optimising regional territorial spatial planning measures and maintaining sustainable ecological environment development.Taking the south slope of Qilian Mountains as an example,based on the land use datas of 2000,2010 and 2020,we used GIS technology to analyse the land use changes in the study area from 2000 to 2020,and based on this,we used CA-Markov model and InVEST model,and selected elevation,slope,carbon stock and carbon stock changes by combining the field survey and local policies.On this basis,the CA-Markov model and InVEST model were used to predict the carbon storage pattern under land use change in the study area in 2030 by combining field investigation and local policies,and selected elevation,slope,aspect,distance from road,and suitable development as influencing factors.The results show:1)From 2000 to 2020,grassland is the main land use type in the study area,and it decreases year by year,followed by bare land and forest land,and the area of construction land is the smallest.At the same time,all land use types are transforming into each other and are spatially reversible.In terms of land use change,the land use of construction land is the fastest,indicating that the urban construction area expands rapidly during the study period.2)The CA-Markov model was used to predict and simulate the land use change in the study area in 2030,and the Kappa value of the prediction accuracy is 88.9%,which indicates that the prediction and simulation is feasible in the complex Qilian Mountain area.The prediction shows that in 2030,the land use on the south slope of Qilian Mountains will be dominated by grassland,bare land and forest land.Cultivated land,forest land,construction land,wetland and bare land all show an increasing trend,and grassland shows a decreasing trend.3)The carbon stock in the study area in 2000,2010 and 2020 is estimated to be 4.03×10^(8),4.13×10^(8)and 4.22×10^(8)t.The carbon stock in 2030 will be 4.49×10^(8)t,which is an increase of 6.40%compared with that of 2020,and the stock shows a steady increasing trend,the main reason is the expansion of woodland and wetland,so that the net sequestration of carbon stock is larger than the net release,which is conducive to carbon sequestration.This study can provide scientific basis for the ecological environment management and land use management decision in Qilian Mountains.