基于GC-MS和电子鼻探究不同方法提取的玫瑰精油挥发性香气成分

Exploration of Volatile Aroma Components of Rose Essential Oils Extracted by Different Methods Based on GC-MS and Electronic Nose

香气是评价玫瑰精油品质的重要指标,为研究不同方法提取的玫瑰精油的关键香气成分,采用高效气相色谱-质谱联用(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)结合电子鼻(electronic nose, E-nose)技术对水蒸气蒸馏(hydrodistillation, HD)法和超声辅助水蒸气蒸馏(ultrasonic-assisted extraction, UAE)法提取的新疆大马士革玫瑰精油的挥发性成分进行测定,通过多元统计分析正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA)挖掘不同方法提取的玫瑰精油差异挥发物,以变量投影重要性(variable importance in projection, VIP)作为OPLS-DA模型的主要筛选工具,结合电子鼻数据主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)进行对比分析。结果表明,两种方法提取的玫瑰精油中共检测出69种挥发性成分,分为醇类、醛类、酯类等7大类,VIP>1的54种挥发性化合物,如(R)-(+)-β-香茅醇、1-十九碳烯等对玫瑰精油香气起到贡献作用。电子鼻雷达图结果表明,W5S、W1S和W2W是玫瑰精油中香气成分识别的关键性传感器,通过PCA能够很好地区分两种方法提取的精油。综上所述,GC-MS结合电子鼻技术能够很好地区分不同方法提取的玫瑰精油的香气成分,能为玫瑰精油的区分提供科学依据。

Aroma is an important index for evaluating the quality of rose essential oils.In order to study the key aroma components of rose essential oils extracted by different methods,the volatile components of Xinjiang Rosa damascena essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation(HD)method and ultrasonic-assisted extraction(UAE)method are determined by high performance gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)combined with electronic nose(E-nose)technology,the differential volatiles of rose essential oils extracted by different methods are explored by multivariate statistical analysis orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA),the variable importance in projection(VIP)is used as the main screening tool for OPLS-DA model,and the comparative analysis is carried out in combination with electronic nose data principal component analysis (PCA). The results show that a total of 69 volatile components are detected in the rose essential oils extracted by the two methods, which are divided into 7 categories, such as alcohols, aldehydes and esters and so on, and there are 54 volatile compounds with VIP>1, such as (R)-(+)- β -citronellol and 1-nonadecene, which contribute to the aroma of rose essential oils. The results of electronic nose radar diagram show that W5S, W1S and W2W are the key sensors for aroma component identification of rose essential oils, and PCA could distinguish the essential oils extracted by the two methods well. In summary, GC-MS combined with electronic nose technology can well distinguish the aroma components of rose essential oils extracted by different methods, which can provide a scientific basis for the differentiation of rose essential oils.