基于生活圈的城乡一体化防灾空间构建方法研究

Study on the Construction Method of Urban and Rural Integrated Disaster Prevention Spatial Structure Based on Life Circle

为推进城市与乡村防灾减灾救灾能力同步提升,以生活圈理论为指导构建城乡一体的防灾空间布局,推动城乡防灾设施配置一体化发展。首先,该文按照中灾正常、大灾可控、巨灾可救的目标,明确应对不同水准灾害影响的防灾生活圈层级对应关系;其次,从“常态中心性”和“灾害危险性”两个维度出发建立各村镇单元的防灾重要性评价指标体系,由此确定城乡各级防灾中心节点。在此基础上,利用防灾中心地、服务半径法和泰森多边形等方法构建“基础—拓展—综合”三级防灾生活圈,以此为依托并结合不同圈域城乡防灾目标要求,按照分类分级和平灾结合原则对各级生活圈进行防灾设施一体化配置,并以某县为例进行实证分析,为我国城乡防灾减灾一体化建设提供参考。

To promote the synchronous improvement of disaster prevention,reduction and relief capabilities between urban and rural areas,and guided by the theory of living circles,a disaster prevention spatial layout that integrates urban and rural areas is constructed to promote the integrated development of disaster prevention facility configuration in urban and rural areas.Firstly,the hierarchical relationship of disaster prevention living circles to cope with the impact of different levels of dissters are clarified,based on the goals of normal medium disasters,controllable major disasters,and salvageable catastrophic disasters.Secondly,an evaluation index system for the importance of disaster prevention for each village and town unit is established from the dimensions of"normality centrality"and"disaster risk",thereby determining the nodes of disaster prevention centers at all levels in urban and rural areas.On this basis,a three-level disaster prevention living circle of"foundation expansion comprehensive"is constructed through methods as disaster prevention center,service radius method,and Tyson polygon.Based on this and combined with the requirements of urban and rural disaster prevention goals in different circles,disaster prevention facilities are integrated and configured at all levels of living circles according to the principles of classification,grading,and disaster combination.An empirical analysis is conducted using a certain county as an example,providing reference for the integrated construction of urban and rural disaster prevention and reduction in China.