2001—2022年陕北黄土地区地质灾害时空分布及引发因素分析

Spatial and Temporal Distribution and Analysis of Triggering Factors of Geologic hazards in the Loess Area of Northern Shaanxi from 2001 to 2022

基于陕西省2001—2022年地质灾害资料,分析研究了榆林和延安22年来黄土地质灾害的时空分布规律和引发因素,并提出了防治措施建议,对陕西省乃至西北黄土高原地质灾害防治工作提供了可借鉴的依据。①在空间上重灾区呈弧形分布,主要在榆林的清涧县、绥德县、子洲县以及延安的宝塔区、安塞区、志丹县。地质灾害主要发育在丘陵区,支流两岸和河流交汇处。②在时间上主要发生在冻融季节和汛期,其中3月和7—10月是地质灾害高发期,而以7—8月为集中暴发期、产生的灾害最为严重。③降水和人工切坡是引发地质灾害发生的主要因素。④防治上,榆林、延安每年3月与汛期7—10月是重点防范期,弧形带是重点防范区,应加强巡查排查、监测预警、综合治理、宣传培训等综合防治措施;榆林前5d累计降水量在76 mm左右、预报降水量在37 mm时,延安地区前5d累计降水量在79 mm左右、预报降水量42 mm时,发出预报预警。

Based on the geological disaster data of Shaanxi Province from 2001 to 2022,the spatial and temporal distribution patterns and triggering factors of loess geological disasters in Yulin and Yan′an over the past 22 years are analyzed and studied,and suggestions for preventive and curative measures are put forward,providing a referenceable basis for the prevention and control of geological disasters in Shaanxi Province and even in the Northwest Loess Plateau.①Spatially the hardest-hit areas are distributed in an arc-shaped belt,mainly in Qingjian,Suide and Zizhou counties in Yulin,and in Baota,Anse and Zhidan counties in Yan’an.Geological hazards are mainly developed in hilly areas,on both sides of tributaries and at the confluence of rivers.②In time,it mainly occurs in the freezing and thawing season and flood season,of which March and July-October are the high incidence of geologic disasters,and July-August is the concentrated period of outbreaks,resulting in the most serious disasters.③Precipitation and artificial slope cutting are the main factors triggering geohazards.④Prevention and control,Yulin,Yan’an in March each year and the flood season from July to October is the key preventive period,the arc zone is the key preventive area,should be strengthened inspection and investigation,monitoring and early-warning,comprehensive management,publicity and training and other comprehensive prevention and control measures;Yulin 5d cumulative precipitation in the first 76 mm or so,the forecast precipitation of 37 mm,Yan’an area in the first 5d cumulative precipitation in the first 79 mm or so,the forecast precipitation of 42 mm When the accumulated precipitation in the first 5d in Yulin is about 76 mm and the forecasted precipitation is 37 mm,and when the accumulated precipitation in the first 5d in Yan’an is about 79 mm and the forecasted precipitation is 42 mm,a forecast and warning is issued.