重塑自我:非洲人类学“本土化”发展之路——基于埃塞俄比亚人类学发展经验的讨论

Reshaping Oneself:The Localization Path of African Anthropology——Analysis of the Development of Anthropology in Ethiopia

非洲人类学是区域国别学一个重要的学科分支,国际学术界在此领域进行了视域广阔的学术深耕。在具有“民族博物馆”之称的埃塞俄比亚,一方面,欧美学者率先开展了细致的田野调查和多种学术研讨,深化了学界对埃塞俄比亚族群与文化的人类学认知;另一方面,埃塞俄比亚通过培养本土专业人才、开展本土田野调查和撰写本土民族志等方式,努力推进非洲人类学研究的“本土化”进程。埃塞俄比亚案例彰显了人类学如何从一门“外来移植”的学问,到在非洲社会“初步融入”,再到逐渐寻求“扎根与创新发展”的完整过程。针对中国的非洲人类学研究薄弱点,未来中国学者需调整传统研究思路与做法,进一步深刻辨析“非洲人类学”概念,精准把握其特殊性与基础性,加强非洲人类学研究中的与时俱进与“向非洲看”,并且立足非洲区域与国别发展经验,积极吸纳非洲学者在“观察自我、认识自我与书写自我”方面所取得的创新性进展,以期有力推进中国的非洲人类学学科建设与自主知识体系的探索。

African anthropology is an important discipline of Country and Region Studies(CRS).The international academic community has conducted extensive research in this field.In Ethiopia,known as the"Ethnic Museum",on the one hand,Western scholars have taken the lead in conducting detailed field works and various academic discussions,deepening anthropological understanding of Ethiopian ethnic issues and cultures;on the other hand,Ethiopian scholars are striving to promote the localization process of African anthropological research by cultivating professional talents,conducting home fielId surveys,and writing indigenous ethnography.The case study of Ethiopia demonstrates the complete process of anthropology from being a"foreign transplant"discipline,to"initial integration"into local Ethiopian society,and gradually seeking"theoretical innovation".In response to the weak points in China's African anthropological research,Chinese scholars need to deeply analyze the concept of"African anthropology",accurately grasp its particularity and foundational nature,strengthen the"looking to recent development"and"looking to Africa"in African anthropological research,and actively absorb the innovative progress made by African scholars in"observing oneself,understanding oneself,and writing oneself",in order to effectively promote the discipline construction and independent knowledge system exploration of China's African anthropology.