日本“人的安全”外交:理念与政策

Japan's Human Security Diplomacy:Concepts and Policies

联合国开发计划署在1994年发布的《人类发展报告》提出了“人的安全”的新安全理念,它有别于只关注国家安全的传统安全概念,而是更注重人类和个体的安全。“人的安全”作为一种新的安全理念被日本政府积极采纳和吸收,并在30年间逐渐成为日本外交的一个核心理念。作为该理念最活跃的践行者与倡导者之一,日本通过开展“人的安全”外交取得了积极成效。但是,在具体的叙事和实践层面,日本的“人的安全”外交又表现出一定的工具性与欺骗性,这是因为日本政府并未严格遵循国际社会对“人的安全”理念的普遍认知,而是有意识地利用了话语模糊性并将其引导至使自身利益最大化的方向。利益导向和“新瓶装旧酒”等行动模式降低了日本政府开展“人的安全”外交的成本,但也限制了日本在“人的安全”领域的领导力,甚至可能成为影响和制约其未来外交工作的重要因素。

The Human Development Report issued by the UNDP in 1994 put forward a new security concept of“Human Security”,which focuses more on human and individual security than on the traditional concept of security that focuses only on national security.As a new security concept,“Human Security”has been actively adopted and absorbed by the Japanese Government,and has gradually become a core concept of Japanese diplomacy over the past 30 years.As one of the most active practitioners and advocates of this concept,Japan has achieved positive results through its human security diplomacy.However,at the level of concrete narrative and practice,Japan's human security diplomacy has shown a certain degree'of instrumentality and deception,because the Japanese government has not strictly followed the international community's general understanding of the concept of human security,but has intentionally taken advantage of the ambiguity of the discourse and guided it in the direction of maximizing its own interests.The modes of action,such as interest orientation and“Old Wine in New Bottles”,have effective reduced the costs of the Japanese government's human security diplomacy,but also limited Japan's leadership in the field of human security,and may even become an important factor affecting and constraining its future diplomatic efforts.