基于“三生”空间的湖南省土地利用格局及多功能演变

Land use pattern and multifunctional evolution in Hunan Province using"production-living-ecosystem"space

为了增强土地的多功能性,缓解土地资源紧张和功能性较弱等问题。该研究基于“三生”空间视角,通过“要素-结构-空间-功能”的土地利用多功能机制,构建多功能评价指标体系,采用熵值法和TOPSIS法对其土地利用多功能水平进行评价。同时借助ArcGIS软件,采用土地利用空间转移模型、土地利用动态度等空间分析方法对该区域2000—2020年土地利用格局演变特征进行分析。最后基于“空间+功能”的双视角探析土地利用空间格局演变与功能转变之间的动态关系。结果表明:1)2000—2020年湖南省土地利用“三生”空间格局演变波动较大,生产空间与生态空间收缩,生活空间扩张;其中又以生活空间扩张显著,生产空间与生态空间之间转换较为频繁为主要特点,是造成湖南省土地利用“三生”空间波动重组的主要因素。2)区域分布格局,生产空间主要分布于省北部的常德、益阳、岳阳以及中部衡阳、娄底、邵阳、永州4市交界的中心区域;生活空间主要分布于以长株潭城市群为中心的核心分布区以及各市城市中心区域;生态空间分布面积最广,主要分布于省西部及西南部丘陵山地区域,以及位于省北部的洞庭湖水域区等;区域变化以环长株潭区域土地利用格局演变更剧烈,其次是东、西、南三面山地区域;动态度结果显示全省土地利用总体动态变化率有提升态势。3)2000—2020年土地利用“三生”功能水平呈现逐年递增趋势,生态功能评分最高,变化最明显,生产功能次之,波动中水平趋于稳定,生活功能最低,呈逐年提升趋势;区域间水平差异由低水平高差距向高水平的相对均衡转变。4)土地利用空间格局变化与功能转变之间具有较大的关联性,尤其在时序变化上呈现一定的变化规律,最后基于“空间+功能”的土地利用多功能机制,对两者关系进行了一次有益尝试。在“一对多”机制关系研究中,未来需要结合土地多功能测度方法更加准确识别“三生”空间和功能之间的相互关系。

Land use in Hunan Province can share the common challenges on land space protection and development in China.The multifunctional land can be expected to solve the shortage and weak functionality of land resources.Taking Hunan Province as the research object,this article aims to construct a multifunctional evaluation index system using the land use multifunctional mechanism of"element structure space function".Land use multifunctional level was evaluated using entropy and TOPSIS,according to the spatial perspective of"Production-living-ecosystem".At the same time,spatial analysis was used to clarify the evolution characteristics of land use patterns in the region from 2000 to 2020.For example,the land use spatial transfer model and land use dynamic degree were then selected using ArcGIS software.Finally,a systematic investigation was made to explore the dynamic relationship between the evolution of land use spatial pattern and functional transformation using the dual perspective of"space+function".The results show that there were significant fluctuations in the spatial pattern of land use in Hunan Province from 2000 to 2020,where the production and ecological spaces were ever shrinking to expand the living spaces;Among them,the major characteristics were attributed to the significant expansion of living space and frequent conversion between production and ecological space.The main factors were obtained on the spatial fluctuations and reorganization of land use.2)The regional distribution pattern and production space were distributed mainly in the central area of Changde,Yiyang,and Yueyang in the northern part of the province,as well as the border of Hengyang,Loudi,Shaoyang,and Yongzhou in the central part;The living space was distributed in the core distribution area centered around the Changsha Zhuzhou Xiangtan urban agglomeration and the central urban areas of each city;The ecological space shared the widest distribution area,particularly in the hilly and mountainous areas of the western and southwestern parts of the province,as well as in the Dongting Lake water area located in the northern part of the province;There was the more severe variation in the land use pattern evolution of the surrounding Changsha Zhuzhou Xiangtan area,followed by the mountainous areas on the east,west,and south sides;The dynamic degree results show that there was an upward trend for the overall dynamic change rate of land use.3)The level of land use in the"Production-living-ecosystem"functions showed an increasing trend per year,with the highest ecological function score and the most significant changes,followed by the production function.Furthermore,the level of land use tended to stabilize during fluctuations.The living function was the lowest,indicating an increasing trend each year;The horizontal differences among regions were shifted from the low to high level relative equilibrium.4)There was a significant correlation between the land use spatial pattern and functional transformation,especially in the temporal patterns.Finally,a beneficial attempt was made to explore the relationship between them using the multifunctional mechanism of"space+function"in land use;Therefore,it is necessary to further combine the land multifunctional measurement under the"one to many"mechanism,in order to more accurately identify the interrelationships among the"three living"spaces and functions.