不同剂量瑞芬太尼联合右美托咪定对环杓关节脱位夹持式复位的影响

Effect of the different doses of remifentanil combined with dexmedetomide on the reduction in clamping reduction of cricoarytenoid joint dislocation

目的比较三种剂量瑞芬太尼联合右美托咪定在环杓关节脱位夹持式复位手术中的镇痛效果及对复位成功率的影响。方法选择2021年4月至2022年12月在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科就诊的环杓关节脱位患者51例,男30例,女21例,年龄18~80岁,BMI 18.5~30.0 kg/m^(2),ASAⅠ—Ⅲ级。根据瑞芬太尼剂量将患者随机分为三组:瑞芬太尼0.5μg·kg^(-1)·min^(-1)组(A组,n=17)、瑞芬太尼1.0μg·kg^(-1)·min^(-1)组(B组,n=18)和瑞芬太尼1.5μg·kg^(-1)·min^(-1)组(C组,n=16)。入室后开始静脉泵注右美托咪定0.6μg·kg^(-1)·h^(-1),同时使用耳鼻喉麻醉喷雾器(2%利多卡因2 ml)对患者舌根进行表面麻醉,第5分钟对咽喉部进行第2次表面麻醉,第10分钟停止泵注右美托咪定,在可视喉镜视野下对声门上及环杓关节周围进行第3次表面麻醉,随即三组静脉泵注相应剂量的瑞芬太尼持续5 min,停止泵注后开始复位手术。记录首次复位成功情况、术者的麻醉质量满意度评分和术中追加瑞芬太尼情况。记录入室时、术后3、30 min、6 h VAS疼痛评分。记录术中及苏醒期相关不良反应。结果与B组比较,A组和C组首次复位成功率和术者的麻醉质量满意度评分明显降低(P<0.05)。与A组比较,B组和C组术中追加瑞芬太尼比例明显降低,术后3 min VAS疼痛评分明显降低(P<0.05)。与C组比较,A组和B组托下颌手法通气比例明显降低(P<0.05)。三组术中和苏醒期心动过缓、恶心呕吐、躁动、谵妄和喉痉挛发生率差异无统计学意义。结论与瑞芬太尼0.5、1.5μg·kg^(-1)·min^(-1)比较,瑞芬太尼1.0μg·kg^(-1)·min^(-1)联合右美托咪定序贯泵注可为环杓关节脱位夹持式复位手术提供良好的镇痛效果,提高首次复位成功率,患者呼吸循环更加平稳,围术期不良反应更少。

Objective To compare the analgesic effect and the effect on the success rate of reduction of three doses of remifentanil combined with dexmedetomidine in the clamping reduction of cricoarytenoid joint dislocation.Methods Fifty-one patients with cricoarytenoid joint dislocation,30 males and 21 females,aged 18-80 years,BMI 18.5-30.0 kg/m^(2),ASA physical statusⅠ-Ⅲ,were selected from April 2021 to December 2022 in the department of otolaryngology,head and neck surgery.The patients were randomly divided into three groups according to remifentanil dose:remifentanil 0.5μg·kg^(-1)·min^(-1)group(group A,n=17),remifentanil 1.0μg·kg^(-1)·min^(-1)group(group B,n=18),and remifentanil 1.5μg·kg^(-1)·min^(-1)group(group C,n=16).After admission,dexmedetomidine 0.6μg·kg^(-1)·h^(-1)was injected intravenously,and an ear,nose and throat anesthetic spray(2%lidocaine 2 ml)was used to administer surface anesthesia to the base of the tongue.A second surface anesthesia was administered to the throat at 5 minutes,and dexmedetomidine was stopped at 10 minutes.The supraglottic and periarticular cricoarytenoid joints were subjected to superficial anesthesia for a third time under visual laryngoscope,and then remifentanil at corresponding doses was injected intravenously in three groups for 5 minutes,and the reduction operation began after the pumping was stopped.The success of the first reduction,the anesthesia quality satisfaction score of the surgeon and the recovery of remifentanil during the operation were recorded.VAS pain scores were recorded at the time of entry,3 minutes,30 minutes,and 6 hours after operation.The adverse reactions during operation and recovery were recorded.Results Compared with group B,the success rate of first reduction and the score of anesthesia quality satisfaction were significantly decreased in groups A and C(P<0.05).Compared with group A,the ratio of additional remifentanil supplementation in groups B and C was significantly reduced,and the VAS pain score 3 minutes after surgery was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with group C,the proportion of mandibular manipulation ventilation in groups A and B was significantly reduced(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of bradyheart rate,nausea and vomiting,agitation,delirium and laryngeal spasm between the three groups.Conclusion Compared with remifentanil 0.5 and 1.5μg·kg^(-1)·min^(-1),remifentanil 1.0μg·kg^(-1)·min^(-1)combined with dexmedetomide sequential pumping provided good analgesic effect for the clamping reduction of cricoarytenoid joint dislocation,improved the success rate of the first reduction,more stable respiratory circulation and fewer perioperative adverse reactions.