南水北调西线工程生态环境影响及应对的关键科学问题

Key scientific issues related to the ecological-environmental impacts of the South-to-North Water Diversion Western Route Project

南水北调西线工程涉及生态环境脆弱区,减缓生态环境影响是工程可行性论证的核心问题之一。本文提出了当前西线工程调水对生态环境影响研究的实践需求,识别了新形势下西线工程在调水阈值和调水扰动的适应性调控中的关键科学问题,构建了西线工程生态环境影响及应对的总体研究框架,并提出重点研究方向:水源区水资源-水生态-经济社会协同演变机制、水源区生态环境需水评估方法与动态调配技术、变化环境下水源区水资源禀赋与可调水量阈值、调水生态补偿机制及生物入侵风险分析,以及系统视角下调水影响综合评估及方案优化等。南水北调西线工程须妥善协调生态保护与调水工程间的潜在冲突,坚持生态优先,确保综合效益在水源区与受水区公平共享。

The South-to-North Water Diversion Western Route Project area includes fragile ecological areas.Mitigating the project′s ecological impacts is one of the key concerns influencing the feasibility of the project.This article illustrates the need for research on the ecological impacts of water diversion in the Western Route Project.It identifies key scientific concerns related to the adaptive regulation of water diversion thresholds and disturbances for the new situation.This study developed a general research framework for assessing and addressing the ecological impacts of the Western Route Project,and proposes key research areas.They include investigating the coordinated evolution mechanism of water resources,water ecology,and economic society in the water source area and developing assessment methods and dynamic allocation techniques for ecological water demand in the water source area,water resource endowments and adjustable water thresholds under changing environments.It also includes ecological compensation mechanisms for water diversion,biological risk invasion analysis,and a comprehensive assessment and optimization of the water diversion impacts from a systematic perspective.The South-to-North Water Diversion Western Route Project must properly coordinate the potential conflicts between the water diversion projects and their ecological protection,adhering to the principle of ecological priority,to ensure that the comprehensive benefits are shared equally between the water source area and the water receiving area.