乡邦意识、画学传承与美术教育——以民国时期无锡美专的办学活动为例

Hometown Consciousness,Painting Inheritance and Art Education--A Case Study on Educational Activities of Wuxi ArtSchool During the Republic of China

清末民初,无锡一地画学人才鼎盛,涌现了吴观岱、丁宝书、胡汀鹭、贺天健、钱松喦、徐悲鸿等一批近代画史上的书画大家。其中,胡汀鹭、贺天健、钱松喦等为发展无锡乡邦画学传统,于1925年创办了无锡美术专门学校。该校以无锡本地画家为班底开展现代美术教育,造就美术专门人才。然囿于各种原因,无锡美专在创办五年后停办,并逐渐消失于近现代美术教育史中。通过文献梳理与察访,得以重溯无锡美专的办学历程,还原这一近代美术教育史中的“失踪者”与现代国画教学的先驱面貌。

During the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,Wuxi was a place rich in painting talents,with a number of modern painting masters such as Wu Guandai,Ding Baoshu,Hu Tinglu,He Tianjian,Qian Songyan,Xu Beihong,etc.Among them,Hu Tinglu,He Tianjian,Qian Songyan and others founded Wuxi Art School in 1925 to develop the tradition of Wuxi rural paintings.The school employed local Wuxi painters as the backbone to carry out modern art education and cultivated specialized talents in art.However,due to various reasons,Wuxi Art School was closed five years after its establishment and gradually disappeared from the history of modern art education.Through literature review and investigation,this paper aims to retrace the history of Wuxi Art School and restore the“missing”in the history of modern art education and the pioneering role of modern Chinese painting teaching.