妨害兴奋剂管理罪的保护法益反思与重塑

Reflection on and Reshaping of Protected Interests in the Crime of Obstructing Doping Management

妨害兴奋剂管理罪作为新罪,如何确定其保护法益对于其合理适用至关重要。现有法益观点中,财产法益与生命健康法益不能满足法益保护的必要性,体育精神法益不能满足法益保护的价值性,国家声誉法益不能满足法益保护的规范性,众多学者赞同的“体育竞赛公平性”法益亦缺乏法益保护的重要性。解决办法是提出“国家体育事业维持”法益,此与“体育竞赛公平性”法益组合成的新双重法益,既能通过新罪法益证成规则的检验,又可以适用“自杀者不可罚,帮助自杀者可罚”的法理,解释“运动员本人不可罚,其他参与人可罚”的原因,同时通过法益对构成要件进行解释,以避免前置法不足造成的困境,同时也能对“情节严重”的含义作出合适回答。

For a new crime of obstructing doping management,how to determine its protected interests is crucial for its reasonable application.However,among existing views about legal interests,property legal interests and life and health legal interests cannot meet the necessity of legal interest protection,sportsmanship interests fail to meet the value criterion,national reputation legal interests cannot meet the normative nature of legal interest protection,and the“sports competition fairness”legal interests supported by many scholars also lack required significance for legal interest protection.The solution proposed in this paper is legal interests of“maintenance of national sports undertakings”,which is a new dual legal interests combined with“sports competition fairness”,not only undergoing the test of the new crime legal interest proof rule,but also applying the legal principle that“suicides should not be punished,but those who assist suicide should be punished”.It can also explain why“the athlete himself should not be punished,but other participants can be punished”.At the same time,it uses legal interests to elucidate the offense components,so as to avoid the predicament caused by insufficient previous laws,and to give an appropriate interpretation of“serious circumstances”.