人的自由发展的集合体——关于共同体概念的历史唯物主义审视

Aggregation of Individuals’Free Development——Examining the Concept of Community from the Perspective of Historical Materialism

个体和共同体的关系是历史唯物主义把握社会历史规律的重要线索。基于个人本位的自由主义立场或挽救个人主义道德困境的社群主义立场,西方学者把共同体作为个体的对立面,或视其为历史发展中的一个阶段性手段,或视作抵抗现代性危机的终极道德目标。历史唯物主义认为,人类的生存发展离不开个体与共同体的有机统一,“自由人联合体”是个体自由全面发展的最终形态。人类命运共同体、人与自然生命共同体、网络空间命运共同体是马克思共同体思想在当代全球治理、生态文明、数字文明等方面的合理表现形态,体现了历史唯物主义合规律性与现代人类文明发展合目的性的辩证统一,是人类探索21世纪世界治理方案的科学实践。

The relationship between individuals and the community serves as a crucial thread to grasp the social and historical development laws from the perspective of historical materialism.With a liberal stance rooted in individualism or a communitarian stance addressing moral challenges of individualism,western scholars frame the community as opposite to individuals or as a phased approach in historical development or the ultimate moral goal resisting the crises of modernity.The historical materialism holds that human survival and development cannot be separated from the organic unity between individuals and the community.The“aggregation of free individuals”represents the ultimate form of the comprehensive and free development of individuals.The community of a shared future for mankind,the community of life for man and nature,and the community with a shared future for cyberspace are rational forms of Marxist community theory in contemporary global governance,ecological civilization,and digital civilization,which embodies the dialectical unity of the regularity of historical materialism with the purposefulness of modern human civilization,and serves as concrete practices of exploring solutions to 21st-century global governance.