人类世的“生态共产主义”如何可能?——从斋藤幸平看马克思晚年的共产主义思想

How is ecological communism possible in the Anthropocene?—Kohei Saito’s interpretation of Marx’s late communism

面对当前严峻的人类世危机,日本的马克思主义研究专家斋藤幸平近年依据对马克思的手稿研究,提出具有“去增长”特征的生态共产主义思想,引起国内外学界的高度关注。在理论上,斋藤幸平虽然没有明确提出“生态共产主义”概念,但他以马克思晚年的生态思想为依据试图倡导具有“去增长”特征的共产主义思想,以回应资本主义盲目的技术与经济增长追求导致的各种危机,实际上就是一种谨慎的生态共产主义思想尝试。尽管他的“去增长”发展战略以及他对马克思晚年共产主义思想的“去增长”解读引起了巨大的学术争议,但是,他从生态维度对马克思晚年共产主义思想的深层发掘,从人类世视角不自觉提出“生态共产主义如何可能”的问题,为21世纪马克思主义生态思想的发展开拓了新的发展空间,值得认真关注。

In response to the severe crises of the Anthropocene,the prominent Japanese Marxist scholar Kohei Saito proposed an ecological communism characterized by“degrowth”on the basis of his research of Marx’s manuscripts,which has garnered great attention from the academic community both domestically and internationally.Although Saito did not explicitly use the term“ecological communism”in his theoretical work,his efforts can be seen as a cautious attempt at this in that his advocacy is rooted in Marx’s late ecological thought and emphasizes“degrowth”as a response to the crises caused by capitalism’s blind pursuit of technological and economic growth.Despite the huge academic controversy he has stirred up,his exploration of Marx’s late communism from an ecological perspective and his implicit questioning of“how ecological communism is possible”from the standpoint of the Anthropocene have opened up new avenues for the development of Marxist ecological thought in the 21 st century,and is worthy of serious attention.